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. 2020 Jan 29;10:1449. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-58496-4

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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An overview of the memory task and experimental protocol. (A) Schematic illustration of the trial structure during the training and recognition phase. In the training task, participants are presented with two famous faces for 2 s. In the trial example, faces of Paz Vega and Elsa Pataky were shown together. After a retention period of 5 s, participants are asked to indicate if the profession and face correspond with the faces they have previously encountered. In the recognition task, participants must indicate whether or not they have seen this particular combination of faces. (B) Participants were trained in the evening (6:30 pm) following a night of either normal sleep duration (NSD; from 12:00 am to 8:00 am) or acute sleep restriction (ASR; from 4:00 am to 8:00 am). Memory recognition was tested at noon (12:00 pm) after a regular night of sleep (from 12:00 am to 8:00 am). EEG was recorded during sleep in the two consecutive nights as well as during the training and recognition task.