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. 2020 Jan 29;10:1449. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-58496-4

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Contribution of encoding STPS to SO-SP coupling during SWS in the recovery sleep night. (A) Event correlation histogram between SO and fast SPs localized over frontocentral (top) and centroparietal electrodes (bottom) for all participants. The blue box indicates the time interval where SO-SP coupling was negatively correlated with the encoding STPS (p_uncorrected < 0.05). (B) Z transformation of Pearson correlation coefficients between SO-SP coupling and the encoding STPS (3^rd vs. 4^th repetition) for remembered paired-associates at one representative time point of the SO upstate (1.03 s for both frontocentral and centroparietal SPs). The blue square refers to the cluster showing negative correlation (p_uncorrected < 0.05). (C) Regression slopes of significant correlations for both frontocentral (top) and centroparietal SPs (bottom). (D) Effect sizes (Pearson’s r) and CI_0.95 of significant correlations.