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. 2020 Jan 29;10:1449. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-58496-4

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The relationship between SO-SP coupling during post-training sleep and encoding-retrieval STPS. (A) Event correlation histogram between frontocentral SOs and fast SPs localized over frontocentral (top) and centroparietal electrodes (bottom) averaged across all participants. The blue and red boxes indicate the time intervals where SO-SP coupling was negatively and positively correlated with the encoding-retrieval STPS, respectively. Note that correlations were significant in the up-state-to-down-state transition, although they did not survive multiple testing (p_uncorrected < 0.05). (B) Pearson correlation coefficients between SO-SP coupling and the encoding-retrieval STPS for remembered paired-associates at one representative time point of the SO up-state (1.32 s for both frontocentral and centroparietal SPs). The blue and red squares refer to clusters showing significant negative and positive correlations that did not survive FWE correction (p_uncorrected < 0.05), respectively. (C) Regression slopes of significant correlations for both frontocentral (top) and centroparietal SPs (bottom). (D) Effect sizes (Pearson’s r) and CI_0.95 of significant correlations.