Table 1.

Base cases, ranges and distributional assumptions of parameters

Parameters	Base case	Range	Distribution	Source
Costs (US$)
Nivolumab (4.5 mg/kg per unit)	60.0	26.0–60.0	Fixed in PSA	Local charge
Docetaxel (129 mg per unit)	193.0	154.4–231.6	Fixed in PSA	Local charge
Routine follow-up per unita	55.6	41.7–69.4	Lognormal	[26]
Subsequent systemic therapy in PS state per unitb	854.1	706.5–992.4	Lognormal	[25]
BSC per unitc	337.5	158.7–793.7	Lognormal	[26]
Terminal phase cost per unitd	2627.8	2291.8–2966.6	Lognormal	[25]
Neutropenia per event	461.5	415.4–507.7	Lognormal	[23]
Anemia per event	531.7	478.5–584.9	Lognormal	[23]
Fatigue per event	115.4	103.8–126.9	Lognormal	[23]
Rash per event	5.5	4.4–6.6	Lognormal	[24]
Risk for treatment-related AEs
Neutropenia in nivolumab arm	0.020	0.016–0.024	Beta	[14]
Neutropenia in docetaxel arm	0.200	0.160–0.240	Beta	[14]
Anemia in nivolumab arm	0.040	0.032–0.048	Beta	[14]
Anemia in docetaxel arm	0.260	0.208–0.312	Beta	[14]
Fatigue in nivolumab arm	0.100	0.008–0.120	Beta	[14]
Fatigue in docetaxel arm	0.250	0.200–0.300	Beta	[14]
Rash in nivolumab arm	0.120	0.096–0.144	Beta	[14]
Rash in docetaxel arm	0.030	0.024–0.036	Beta	[14]
Hair loss in nivolumab arm	0	–	–	[14]
Hair loss in docetaxel arm	0.220	0.176–0.264	Beta	[14]
Utilities
PFS	0.804	0.643–0.965	Beta	[20]
PS	0.321	0.257–0.385	Beta	[20]
PFS plus rash	0.705	0.564–0.846	Beta	[20]
PFS plus fatigue	0.736	0.589–0.883	Beta	[20]
PFS plus neutropenia	0.604	0.483–0.725	Beta	[20]
PFS plus hair loss	0.746	0.597–0.895	Beta	[20]
Parametric distribution
Docetaxel, OS, scale (Weibull)	0.04848005	–	Fixed in PSA	Estimated
Docetaxel, OS, shape (Weibull)	1.252947	–	Fixed in PSA	Estimated
Docetaxel, PFS, scale (Weibull)	0.03381398	–	Fixed in PSA	Estimated
Docetaxel, PFS, shape (Weibull)	1.207347	–	Fixed in PSA	Estimated
HR
HR of OS	0.68	0.52–0.90	Lognormal	[14]
HR of PFS	0.77	0.62–0.95	Lognormal	[14]
Discount rate (%)	3	0–8	Fixed in PSA	[27]
Patient weight (kg)	65	52–78	Fixed in PSA	[21]

AEs adverse effects, BSC best supportive care, HR hazard ratio, PFS progression-free survival, PS progression survival, OS overall survival

^aThe cost of routine follow-up included the cost of outpatient physician visit, hospitalization, and laboratory tests

^bSubsequent systemic therapy after PS included immunotherapy, targeted therapy and chemotherapy

^cBSC referred to the intervention of clinical symptoms caused by cancer, including anti-inflammatory treatment, analgesic treatment, antiemetic treatment, thoracic and abdominal puncture decompression, blood transfusion and nutritional support

^dThe terminal phase cost referred to the cost of palliative end-of-life