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. 2020 Jan 29;10:1441. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-57586-7

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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mRNA levels of catabolic markers in human articular chondrocytes cultured in the absence or presence of P15-1 and HMWHA. Human articular chondrocytes after reaching confluency were serum-starved for 24 h followed by treatment with P15-1, HMWHA, or P15-1 and HMWHA for 24 h. mRNA levels of catabolic markers (Cox-2, IL-6, iNOS, MMP-13) were determined by real-time PCR using SYBR Green and normalized to the level of 18S RNA. The mRNA levels are expressed relative to the level of vehicle-treated cells, which was set as 1. Data were obtained from triplicate PCRs using RNA from 3 different cultures. Values are the mean ± SD.