Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2020 Jan 29;10:1429. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-58097-1

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Single features are tuned to force and volitional state. Rows: Average per-condition activity (PSTH) of five exemplary TC and SBP features tuned to force only (session 1), volitional state (VoS) only (session 4), neither factor (session 1), both factors (session 4), and an interaction between both factors (session 4) in participant T8 (2-way Welch ANOVA, corrected p < 0.05, Benjamini-Hochberg method). Neural activity was smoothed with a 100-ms Gaussian kernel prior to trial averaging to aid in visualization. Statistically significant p-values for force modulation, VoS modulation, and interaction are indicated with asterisks. Neural activity in Column 1 is averaged over all volitional states, such that observable differences in modulation are due to force alone (~50–90 trials per force level, depending on session number). Similarly, Column 2 depicts the activity of individual features during distinct volitional states, averaged over all force levels (~50–90 trials per volitional state, depending on session number). Simple main effects are represented graphically in Column 3 via normalized mean neural deviations from baseline activity during force trials within each of the three volitional states. Modulation depths were computed over the go phase of each trial, and then averaged within each force-VoS pair. Error bars indicate 95% confidence intervals.