Table 3. Multivariate analysis including age, gender, comorbidities, smoking status, occupation, radiological parameters (major coronal cobb, coronal balance, SVA, global tilt, and PI − LL mismatch) as covariates describing the effect of increasing BMI on pain and functional scores.

Score	P value
NRS
Back pain	0.010
Leg pain	0.000
COMI back score	0.003
ODI
Pain intensity	0.299
Personal care	0.028
Lifting	0.002
Walking	0.000
Sitting	0.003
Standing	0.000
Sleeping	0.002
Sex life	0.006
Social life	0.000
Travelling	0.104
Score (%)	0.000
SRS22—SRS total score	0.000
SF-36
General health	0.036
PCS	0.006
MCS	0.011

SVA, sagittal vertical axis; PI − LL, pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis; NRS, Numerical Rating Scale; COMI, Core Outcome Measures Index; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; SRS22, Scoliosis Research Society Outcomes Questionnaire 22; SF-36, Short Form 36; PCS, physical component score; MCS, mental component score.