Table 1. Clinical features of included studies.
| Study | Year | Area | Study design | Age (statins/control) (years) | Patients (statins/control) | Control treatment | Disease | PH group | PAP (mmHg) | LDL | Gender (M/F) | Statins | Dose (mg/day) | Treatment time (months) | Follow-up time (months) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barreto | 2008 | Brazil | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial | 34.6±12.3/33.7±11.1 | 30/30 | Placebo | IPAH or PAH-CHD | 1 | 53±16 | NA | 24/36 | Rosuvastatin | 10 | 6 | 6 |
| Lee | 2009 | Taiwan (China) | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial | 71±8/72±6 | 27/26 | Placebo | COPD + PH | 3 | >25 | 145±46/148±50 mg/dL | 39/14 | Pravastatin | 40 | 6 | 6 |
| Wilkins | 2010 | Germany | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial | 43.2 [19–67]/49.1 [24–73] | 19/23 | Placebo | PAH | 1 | 55.8±10.3/55.7±12.5 | NA | 10/32 | Simvastatin | 80 | 6 | 12 |
| Kawut | 2011 | United States | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial | 50.5±14.3/51.0±13.6 | 32/33 | Placebo | PAH | 1 | NA | 110±22/104±21 mg/dL | 9/56 | Simvastatin | 40 | 6 | 6 |
| Zeng | 2012 | China | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial | 35±13/37±13 | 112/108 | Placebo | PAH or CTPH | 1 or 4 | 69±19/66±20 | 2.3±0.7/2.3±0.8 mmol/L | 76/144 | Atorvastatin | 20 | 6 | 6 |
| Liu | 2013 | China | Randomized, controlled trial | 66.2±7.4/64.9±8.2 | 33/35 | No statin | PHD | 3 | 52.7±8.1/51.7±7.9 | NA | 43/25 | Atorvastatin | 20 | 6 | 6 |
| Moosavi | 2013 | Iran | Randomized, triple-blind, parallel-group trial | 65±11/68±14 | 24/21 | Placebo | COPD + PH | 3 | >40 | 109±33/104±31 mg/dL | 28/17 | Atorvastatin | 40 | 6 | 6 |
| Chogtu | 2016 | India | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial | 61.4±8.4/65.9±9.7 | 32/30 | Placebo | COPD + PH | 3 | 30< sPAP <75 | NA | NA | Rosuvastatin | 20 | 3 | 3 |
| Arian | 2017 | Iran | Randomized, double-blind, controlled trial | 65.8±11.5/63.7±7.6 | 21/21 | No statin | COPD + PH | 3 | 47.9±15.4/49.2±16.3 | 133.4±27.8/111.1±27.3 mg/dL | 11/23 | Atorvastatin | 40 | 6 | 6 |
PH, pulmonary hypertension; PAP, pulmonary arterial pressure; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; M, male; F, female; IPAH, idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension; PAH, pulmonary arterial hypertension; CHD, congenital heart disease; NA, not available; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CTPH, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension; PHD, pulmonary heart disease; sPAP, systolic pulmonary arterial pressure.