Figure S1.

Histomorphology observations of palate shelf tissues at E14.5 between ATRA-treated vs. control mice. (A,B) The ATRA-treated palatal shelves remained separated without fusion; (C,D) at the same time, the palatal control shelves had contacted each other to complete initial palatal fusion. ATRA, all-trans retinoic acid; E14.5, embryonic gestation day 14.5; PS, palatal shelf; T, tongue; NS, nasal septum; H&E, hematoxylin and eosin. Magnification in (B,D): ×10. (from Shu X, Cheng L, Dong Z, et al. Identification of circular RNA-associated competing endogenous RNA network in the development of cleft palate. J Cell Biochem 2019;120:16062-74).