Table 1.
Demographics, medical history, and injury characteristics of not re-injured and re-injured groups.
| Total sample (N = 69) | Concussed athletes without re-injury (n = 58) | Concussed athletes with re-injury (n = 11) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean/N | SD/% | Mean/N | SD/% | Mean/N | SD/% | |
| Age | 19.65 | 1.12 | 19.63 | 1.14 | 19.73 | 1.01 |
| Sex (men) | 57 | 82.60% | 48 | 82.80% | 9 | 81.20% |
| Race | ||||||
| White | 35 | 50.70% | 30 | 51.70% | 5 | 45.50% |
| African American | 27 | 39.10% | 22 | 37.90% | 5 | 45.50% |
| Biracial | 4 | 5.80% | 3 | 5.20% | 1 | 9.10% |
| Hawaiian/ Pacific Islander | 2 | 2.90% | 2 | 3.40% | 0 | 0.00% |
| Unknown/No response | 1 | 1.40% | 1 | 1.70% | 0 | 0.00% |
| Handedness (right) | 58 | 84.10% | 48 | 82.80% | 10 | 90.90% |
| Sport | ||||||
| Football | 41 | 59.40% | 32 | 55.20% | 9 | 81.80% |
| Lacrosse | 8 | 11.60% | 8 | 13.80% | 0 | 0.00% |
| Soccer | 20 | 29.00% | 18 | 31.00% | 2 | 18.20% |
| Not listed | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 1 | 6.70% |
| Years participating | 10.46 | 3.72 | 10.78 | 3.76 | 8.82 | 3.25 |
| Weight | 201.19 | 53.970 | 199.02 | 56.24 | 212.64 | 40.04 |
| Height | 71.730 | 3.5900 | 71.53 | 3.66 | 72.77 | 3.14 |
| Previous concussion | ||||||
| 0 | 35.000 | 51.00% | 31 | 53.40% | 4 | 36.40% |
| 1 | 25.000 | 36.20% | 18 | 31.00% | 7 | 63.60% |
| 2 or more | 9.000 | 13.00% | 9 | 15.50% | 0 | 0.00% |
| GPA | 2.84 | 0.52 | 2.86 | 0.55 | 2.74 | 0.418 |
| WTAR Word Reading SS* | 106.17 | 14.24 | 104.7 | 14.33 | 114.40 | 10.17 |
| Headache/migraine disorder | 5 | 7.20% | 3 | 5.20% | 2 | 18.20% |
| Seizure disorder | 1 | 1.40% | 1 | 1.70% | 0 | 0.00% |
| Sleep disorder | 1 | 1.40% | 1 | 1.70% | 0 | 0.00% |
| Diabetes | 2 | 2.90% | 1 | 1.70% | 1 | 9.10% |
| Hearing problems | 2 | 2.90% | 1 | 1.70% | 1 | 9.10% |
| ADHD | 12 | 17.40% | 9 | 15.50% | 3 | 27.30% |
| LD | 2 | 2.90% | 1 | 1.70% | 1 | 9.10% |
| Depression | 3 | 4.30% | 2 | 3.40% | 1 | 9.10% |
| Bipolar disorder | 1 | 1.40% | 1 | 1.70% | 0 | 0.00% |
| Unspecific psychiatric disorder | 1 | 1.40% | 1 | 1.70% | 0 | 0.00% |
| Initial injury situation | ||||||
| Competition | 17 | 24.60% | 15 | 25.90% | 2 | 18.20% |
| Practice/training | 52 | 75.40% | 43 | 74.10% | 9 | 81.80% |
| LOC | 3 | 4.30% | 1 | 1.70% | 2 | 18.20% |
| PTA | 9 | 14.30% | 6 | 11.50% | 3 | 27.30% |
| RGA | 9 | 14.30% | 4 | 7.10% | 2 | 18.20% |
| Re-injured | 11 | 15.90% | * | * | * | * |
| Time to asymptomatic | 8.96 | 6.47 | 8.74 | 6.63 | 10.05 | 5.78 |
| Symptom-free wait days | 9.00 | 11.17 | 9.28 | 12.16 | 7.86 | 5.64 |
| Acute time point MD | 749.31 | 30.36 | 747.22 | 31.45 | 758.33 | 24.49 |
| Asymptomatic MD | 733.06 | 39.47 | 731.24 | 35.01 | 740.73 | 56.25 |
| Seven days Post-RTP MD* | 732.11 | 27.58 | 727.82 | 25.3 | 749.25 | 31.36 |
| Number of acute symptoms | 10.67 | 6.14 | 10.27 | 6.23 | 12.4 | 5.74 |
| Total acute symptom score | 25.31 | 21.14 | 23.80 | 20.64 | 32.0 | 23.1 |
*
Statistically significant differences at the p <0.05 level between the re-injured and not re-injured groups using independent t test, chi-squared test, and Fisher's exact test.
GPA, grade point average; WTAR, Wechsler Test of Adult Reading; ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; LD, learning disorder; LOC, loss of consciousness; PTA, posttraumatic amnesia; RGA, retrograde amnesia; MD, mean diffusivity; RTP, return to play.