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. 2020 Jan 21;10:3137. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03137

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Copyright © 2020 Yekula, Yekula, Muralidharan, Kang, Carter and Balaj.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Glioma EVs promote angiogenesis. Glioma EVs contain several proangiogenic factors which induce angiogenesis. EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; PDGF, platelet derived growth factor, FGF, fibroblast growth factor; TGF-β, Transforming growth factor-β; IL-8, interleukin-8; IL-6, interleukin-6; CXCR4, CXC chemokine receptor type 4; MMP2, matrix metalloproteinase 2; MMP9, matrix metalloproteinase 9; UPA, urokinase type-plasminogen activator; tPA, tissue type-plasminogen activator.