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Glioma EVs mediate immunomodulation. Glioma EVs induce an M2 phenotype in tumor associated myeloid cells and cause T cell dysfunction. Arg1, arginase-1; IL-6, interleukin-6; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; TGF-β, Transforming growth factor-β; PD-L1, programmed cell death 1 ligand.
