TABLE 1.

Results for the control group: one-way repeated measures ANOVAs for worst pain, pain unpleasantness, and time spent thinking about pain.

Worst pain ratings for the Control Group (n = 24 subjects)
Worst pain			Mauchly’s p = 0.003, sphericity not assumed, Greenhouse–Geiser used. Bonferroni corrected alpha = 0.017, p < than 0.017 are significant
No VR	Passive VR	Eye tracked VR
6.25 (1.15)	6.38 (1.44)	6.75 (1.48)	F(1.41,46) = 4.85, p = 0.024, not significant, MS = 2.31, ${\text{η}}_{\text{p}}^2$ = 0.17.
PAIN UNPLEASANTNESS for the Control Group (n = 24 subjects)
Pain unpleasantness			Mauchly’s p = 0.001, sphericity not assumed, Greenhouse–Geiser used. Bonferroni corrected α = 0.017, any p < than 0.017 are significant
No VR	Passive VR	Eye tracked VR
4.33 (2.26)	4.29 (2.05)	4.83 (2.04)	F(1.35,46) = 4.02, p = 0.043, not significant, MS = 3.23, ${\text{η}}_{\text{p}}^2$ = 0.15
TIME spent thinking about PAIN for the Control Group (n = 24)
Time spent thinking about Pain			Mauchly’s p = 0.002, sphericity not assumed, Greenhouse–Geiser used. Bonferroni corrected α = 0.017, any p < than 0.017 are significant
No VR	Passive VR	Eye tracked VR
2.96 (2.68)	2.17 (2.71)	2.75 (3.03)	F(1.41,46) = 5.08, p = 0.021, not significant, MS = 5.75, ${\text{η}}_{\text{p}}^2$ = 0.18