Table 3.
Strain and Torsion
| All patients and healthy subjects | Subgroup A | Subgroup B | Subgroup C | Subgroup D | A vs. B | A vs. C | A vs. D | C vs. D | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All LVNC phenotype patients | All healthy volunteers | p-values | LVNC phenotype patients (normal LV volumetrics) | Healthy subjects (normal LV volumetrics) | Healthy subjects (normal LV volumetrics, not meeting any LVNC criteria) | Healthy subjects (normal LV volumetrics, meeting one or more LVNC criteria) | p-values | p-values | p-values | p-values | |
| (n = 59) | (n = 36) | (n = 25) | (n = 34) | (n = 16) | (n = 18) | ||||||
| GRS (%)a | 26.4 (21.8, 32.7) | 37.1 (33.4, 43.1) | < 0.001 | 31.2 (28.2, 34.7) | 37.5 (34.2, 43.5) | 40.2 (35.5, 44.3) | 35.8 (33.1, 40.8) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.006 | 0.103 |
| Basal RS (%)a | 26.8 (21.2, 30.7) | 34.6 (31.0, 39.1) | < 0.001 | 28.8 (27.4, 36.1) | 34.6 (31.4, 39.1) | 35.3 (33.9, 40.9) | 32.0 (30.3, 35.6) | 0.004 | 0.002 | 0.112 | 0.044 |
| Mid RS (%)a | 23.9 (19.7, 28.9) | 29.9 (24.9, 35.9) | < 0.001 | 28.5 (24.7, 31.8) | 30.5 (25.8, 36.2) | 32.4 (29.5, 37.1) | 26.6 (24.0, 35.5) | 0.065 | 0.008 | 0.516 | 0.087 |
| Apical RS (%)a | 29.4 (24.0, 37.3) | 46.4 (40.1, 56.4) | < 0.001 | 33.3 (29.4, 42.2) | 47.3 (41.8, 58.2) | 49.2 (42.8, 59.8) | 45.6 (40.3, 51.4) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.451 |
| GCS (%)b | −16.5 (−14.7, −18.6) | −20.5 (−19.1, −22.1) | < 0.001 | −18.5 (−16.8, −19.8) | −20.6 (−19.3, −22.1) | −21.5 (−20.1, −22.9) | −20.0 (−18.8, −21.7) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.005 | 0.073 |
| Basal CS (%)b | −16.3 (−14.2, −18.1) | −19.6 (−18.4, −21.1) | < 0.001 | −17.4 (−16.6, −20.0) | −19.6 (−18.4, −21.2) | −20.1 (−19.3, −21.7) | −18.5 (− 18.2, − 20.0) | 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.072 | 0.027 |
| Mid CS (%)b | −15.5 (−13.4, −17.8) | − 18.3 (− 16.1, − 20.3) | < 0.001 | −17.5 (− 16.1, − 18.9) | − 18.6 (− 16.5, − 20.4) | − 19.4 (− 18.1, − 21.0) | −17.2 (−15.9, − 19.9) | 0.061 | 0.005 | 0.658 | 0.079 |
| Apical CS (%)b | −17.8 (−15.4, − 19.9) | −23.4 (− 21.9, −25.9) | < 0.001 | − 19.4 (− 17.8, − 22.2) | −23.7 (− 22.3, − 26.3) | −24.4 (− 22.6, −26.6) | −23.0 (− 22.0, −24.5) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.270 |
| GLS (%)b | −14.6 (−12.9, − 16.5) | − 17.1 (− 16.1, − 18.7) | < 0.001 | − 16.4 (− 15.3, − 17.3) | −17.1 (− 16.2, − 19.0) | −17.2 (− 16.7, − 19.6) | − 16.9 (− 16.1, − 18.3) | 0.011 | 0.009 | 0.099 | 0.143 |
| 4-chamber LS (%)b | −14.7 (− 12.9, − 16.9) | −18.1 (− 16.8, − 19.5) | < 0.001 | −16.0 (− 14.6, − 16.6) | −16.7 (− 15.4, − 18.4) | − 17.6 (− 16.2, − 20.4) | −16.2 (− 15.0, − 17.3) | 0.021 | 0.003 | 0.313 | 0.032 |
| 3-chamber LS (%)b | −14.7 (− 12.5, − 16.5) | −17.5 (− 15.9, − 19.1) | < 0.001 | − 16.4 (− 14.9, − 17.9) | − 17.6 (− 16.1, − 19.1) | −17.8 (− 16.4, − 19.3) | − 17.3 (− 16.0, − 18.6) | 0.046 | 0.048 | 0.168 | 0.427 |
| 2-chamber LS (%)b | −14.8 (−13.2, − 16.7) | − 17.6 (− 16.3, − 19.3) | < 0.001 | − 16.7 (− 14.8, − 18.5) | −17.6 (− 16.4, − 19.2) | −17.7 (− 16.3, − 18.7) | −17.5 (− 16.4, − 19.4) | 0.034 | 0.109 | 0.055 | 0.717 |
| Global Torsion (°/cm)b | 1.01 (0.68, 1.43) | 0.94 (0.74, 1.54) | 0.765 | 1.23 (0.99, 1.47) | 0.98 (0.78–1.55) | 1.01 (0.86, 1.75) | 0.93 (0.71, 1.42) | 0.470 | 0.852 | 0.184 | 0.178 |
Data presented as median (IQR)
LVNC left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy, LV left ventricle, GRS global radial strain, RS radial strain, GCS global circumferential strain, CS circumferential strain, GLS global longitudinal strain, LS longitudinal strain
aIndependent samples t-test
bWilcoxon rank sum test