Table 1. Baseline and Operative Characteristics in the Prehab vs Rehab Groups.
| Characteristic | Prehab Group | Rehab Group | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of Patients | Data | No. of Patients | Data | |
| Age | ||||
| Median (IQR), y | 55 | 78 (72-82) | 55 | 82 (75-84) |
| ≥75 y, No. (%) | 55 | 32 (58.2) | 55 | 42 (76.4) |
| Male sex, No. (%) | 55 | 29 (52.7) | 55 | 23 (41.8) |
| Body composition | ||||
| Weight, median (IQR), kg | 55 | 67.0 (60.6-82.1) | 54 | 71.6 (57.0-79.7) |
| Lean body mass, mean (SD), kg | 55 | 46.8 (9.1) | 54 | 46.2 (10.2) |
| Fat, median (IQR), % | 55 | 34.1 (26.1-38.5) | 54 | 35.9 (25.4-41.1) |
| Body mass indexa | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 55 | 24.9 (23.0-30.1) | 54 | 26.4 (23.8-30.6) |
| ≥30.0, No. (%) | 55 | 14 (25.5) | 54 | 16 (29.6) |
| Baseline 6MWT distance | ||||
| Mean (SD), m | 55 | 325.3 (114.3) | 54 | 304.0 (107.3) |
| Median (IQR), % predicted | 55 | 57.9 (44.3-66.5) | 54 | 52.7 (40.5-63.6) |
| <400 m, No. (%) | 55 | 40 (72.7) | 54 | 44 (81.5) |
| Grip strength, mean (SD), kg force | 55 | 22.8 (8.3) | 55 | 21.0 (6.7) |
| Fried Frailty Index, No. (%)b | ||||
| 2 | 55 | 25 (45.5) | 55 | 17 (30.9) |
| 3 | 55 | 16 (29.1) | 55 | 22 (40.0) |
| 4 | 55 | 7 (12.7) | 55 | 10 (18.2) |
| 5 | 55 | 7 (12.7) | 55 | 6 (10.9) |
| Comorbidities, No. (%) | ||||
| Diabetes type 2 | 55 | 19 (34.5) | 55 | 21 (38.2) |
| Hypertension | 55 | 29 (52.7) | 55 | 42 (76.4) |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 55 | 16 (29.1) | 55 | 19 (34.5) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 55 | 9 (16.4) | 55 | 5 (9.1) |
| OSA | 55 | 5 (9.1) | 55 | 5 (9.1) |
| COPD | 55 | 8 (14.5) | 55 | 3 (5.5) |
| Arthritis/connective tissue disease | 54 | 15 (27.8) | 54 | 23 (42.6) |
| Dyslipidemia | 55 | 27 (49.1) | 54 | 26 (48.1) |
| Hypothyroidism | 55 | 12 (21.8) | 55 | 11 (20.0) |
| Asthma | 55 | 7 (12.7) | 55 | 1 (1.8) |
| Charlson comorbidity index, median (IQR)c | 55 | 3 (2-4) | 55 | 4 (3-5) |
| Smoker (current), No. (%) | 55 | 6 (10.9) | 55 | 5 (9.1) |
| Alcohol use (current), No. (%)d | 55 | 5 (9.1) | 55 | 3 (5.5) |
| ASA status, No. (%) | ||||
| 2 | 55 | 19 (34.5) | 55 | 9 (16.4) |
| 3 | 55 | 33 (60.0) | 55 | 43 (78.2) |
| 4 | 55 | 3 (5.5) | 55 | 3 (5.5) |
| Metabolic status | ||||
| CRP level, median (IQR), mg/L | 50 | 6.2 (1.9-22.9) | 47 | 4.5 (1.7-14.5) |
| Albumin level, mean (SD), g/dL | 53 | 3.91 (0.47) | 52 | 3.83 (0.40) |
| HbA1c level, mean (SD), % | 47 | 6.2 (0.86) | 49 | 6.3 (1.4) |
| Hemoglobin level, mean (SD), g/dL | 54 | 11.66 (2.00) | 51 | 11.16 (1.94) |
| Energy expenditure, median (IQR), kcal/kg/wk | 52 | 36.4 (10.6-80.3) | 53 | 23.0 (5-68.5) |
| Subjective global assessment, No. (%)e | ||||
| A | 54 | 16 (29.6) | 45 | 20 (44.4) |
| B | 54 | 27 (50.0) | 45 | 12 (26.7) |
| C | 54 | 11 (20.4) | 45 | 13 (28.9) |
| Oncologic data, No. (%) | ||||
| Rectal cancer site | 55 | 18 (32.7) | 55 | 13 (23.6) |
| Neoadjuvant chemotherapy | 55 | 7 (12.7) | 54 | 6 (11.1) |
| Tumor stage | ||||
| 0-I | 55 | 18 (32.7) | 53 | 15 (28.3) |
| II | 55 | 15 (27.3) | 53 | 18 (34.0) |
| III | 55 | 19 (34.5) | 53 | 16 (30.2) |
| IV | 55 | 3 (5.5) | 53 | 4 (7.5) |
| Surgical approach, No. (%) | ||||
| Open | 55 | 13 (23.6) | 55 | 10 (18.2) |
| Minimally invasivef | 55 | 42 (76.4) | 55 | 45 (81.2) |
| Type of surgery, No. (%) | ||||
| Ileocecal resection | 55 | 2 (3.6) | 55 | 1 (1.8) |
| Right hemicolectomy | 55 | 23 (41.8) | 55 | 23 (41.8) |
| Left hemicolectomy | 55 | 5 (9.1) | 55 | 8 (14.5) |
| Subtotal colectomy | 55 | 2 (3.6) | 55 | 1 (1.8) |
| Anterior/sigmoid resection | 55 | 6 (10.9) | 55 | 9 (16.4) |
| Transverse colectomy | 55 | 1 (1.8) | 55 | 1 (1.8) |
| Low anterior resection | 55 | 10 (18.2) | 55 | 7 (12.7) |
| Abdominoperineal resection | 55 | 4 (7.3) | 55 | 4 (7.3) |
| Other bowel surgery | 55 | 2 (3.6) | 55 | 1 (1.8) |
| Surgical data | ||||
| Stoma creation, No. (%) | 55 | 15 (27.3) | 55 | 9 (16.4) |
| Duration of surgery, median (IQR), min | 55 | 180 (110-280) | 55 | 180 (130-300) |
| Intraoperative blood loss, median (IQR), mL | 55 | 100 (50-200) | 55 | 100 (50-200) |
Abbreviations: ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRP, C-reactive protein; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; IQR, interquartile range; 6MWT, 6-minute walk test; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea; Prehab, prehabilitation; Rehab, rehabilitation; TAMIS, transanal minimally invasive surgery.
SI conversion factors: To convert albumin and hemoglobin to grams per liter, multiply by 10; CRP to nanomoles per liter, multiply by 9.524; and HbA1c to a proportion of total hemoglobin, multiply by 0.01.
Calculated as weight in kilograms divided by square of height in meters.
Higher scores indicate greater frailty.
Scores range from 0 to 24, with higher scores indicating greater comorbidities.
Alcohol consumption above Canada’s Low-Risk Alcohol Drinking Guidelines (2017) for men (>15 standard drinks per week) and women (>10 standard drinks per week).48
A indicates normal; B, nutrition risk; and C, malnutrition.
Includes laparoscopic or TAMIS.