Table 1. Demographic and Baseline Characteristics of Children and Guardians by Country and Area (Rural and Urban).
| Characteristic | Kenya, No. (%) | Tanzania, No. (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urban (n = 192) | Rural (n = 128) | Urban (n = 192) | Rural (n = 128) | |
| Child | ||||
| Female sex | 96 (50.0) | 64 (50.0) | 96 (50.0) | 64 (50.0) |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 10.7 (1.6) | 10.2 (1.7) | 10.9 (1.6) | 10.5 (1.8) |
| One parent died | 155 (80.7) | 103 (80.5) | 145 (75.5) | 109 (85.2) |
| Both parents died | 23 (12.0) | 15 (11.7) | 28 (14.6) | 10 (7.8) |
| Biological mother died | 56 (29.2) | 41 (32.0) | 74 (38.5) | 42 (32.8) |
| Biological father died | 159 (82.8) | 102 (79.7) | 145 (75.5) | 94 (73.4) |
| Traumatic events experienced, mean (SD) [range], No.a | 5.5 (2.7) [0-13] | 4.5 (2.5) [1-12] | 3.0 (2.4) [0-11] | 3.3 (2.5) [0-12] |
| School attendance | ||||
| Currently in school | 188 (97.9) | 128 (100) | 186 (96.9) | 128 (100) |
| Missed any school in past 2 wk | 111 (57.8) | 72 (56.3) | 30 (15.6) | 19 (14.8) |
| Gone to bed hungry last 14 d | ||||
| None of the time | 63 (32.8) | 15 (11.7) | 171 (89.1) | 118 (92.2) |
| Some or all of the time | 129 (67.2) | 113 (88.3) | 21 (10.9) | 7 (5.5) |
| Child’s health | ||||
| Very good or good | 115 (59.9) | 69 (53.9) | 177 (92.2) | 120 (93.8) |
| Fair or poor | 76 (39.6) | 59 (46.1) | 15 (7.8) | 8 (6.3) |
| Guardian | ||||
| Age, mean (SD) [range], y | 44.5 (12.7) [19-83] | 42.3 (10.1) [23-72] | 43.2 (12.7) [19-93] | 49.7 (14.8) [20-90] |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married | 62 (32.3) | 55 (43.0) | 51 (26.6) | 34 (26.6) |
| Widowed | 122 (63.5) | 73 (57.0) | 112 (58.3) | 79 (61.7) |
| Female sex | 172 (89.6) | 111 (86.7) | 176 (91.7) | 115 (89.8) |
| Relationship to child | ||||
| Biological parent | 104 (54.2) | 63 (49.2) | 88 (45.8) | 48 (37.5) |
| Grandparent | 44 (22.9) | 21 (16.4) | 49 (25.5) | 43 (33.6) |
| Aunt or uncle | 28 (14.6) | 33 (25.8) | 26 (13.5) | 13 (10.2) |
| Otherb | 16 (8.3) | 11 (8.6) | 27 (14.1) | 24 (18.8) |
| Health | ||||
| Very good or good | 90 (46.9) | 69 (53.9) | 166 (86.5) | 109 (85.2) |
| Fair or poor | 100 (52.1) | 56 (43.7) | 26 (13.5) | 16 (12.5) |
| Children in the household, mean (SD), No. | 4.23 (2.14) | 4.39 (2.26) | 2.83 (1.39) | 2.81 (1.60) |
a
Traumatic event exposure by child report.
b
Other guardian relationship to child includes sibling, stepparent, adoptive parent, other relative, and nonrelative.