Table 2. Urine ACR, AKI Stage, and Risk of Kidney Disease Progression Among Those With AKI and Those Without AKI.
| Predictors in Model | ASSESS-AKI Enrollees | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| With AKI 3 mo Prior to Baseline Visit (n = 769) | Without AKI 3 mo Prior to Baseline Visit (n = 769) | |||||
| HR (95% CI) | P Value | C Statistic | HR (95% CI) | P Value | C Statistic | |
| Unadjusted models | ||||||
| Higher urine ACR (per doubling), mg/g | 1.53 (1.43-1.64) | <.001 | 0.82 | 1.45 (1.31-1.61) | <.001 | 0.70 |
| Lower eGFR (per 10 mL/min/1.73 m2 decrease) | 1.50 (1.36-1.66) | <.001 | 0.77 | 1.42 (1.22-1.66) | <.001 | 0.71 |
| Stage 2 vs stage 1 AKI | 0.86 (0.45-1.63) | .64 | 0.26 | NA | ||
| Stage 3 vs stage 1 AKI | 1.59 (0.93-2.72) | .09 | ||||
| Adjusted models | ||||||
| Higher urine ACR (per doubling), mg/g | 1.37 (1.26-1.49) | <.001 | 0.85 | 1.24 (1.10-1.40) | .005 | 0.76 |
| Female vs male | 1.43 (0.93-2.22) | .10 | 1.41 (0.72-2.74) | .32 | ||
| Black vs nonblack | 0.84 (0.50-1.42) | .51 | 1.82 (0.82-4.04) | .14 | ||
| Hispanic vs non-Hispanic | 0.81 (0.25-2.63) | .73 | 1.64 (0.22-12.32) | .63 | ||
| Diabetic vs nondiabetic | 1.62 (0.95-2.75) | .08 | 2.08 (1.06-4.08) | .03 | ||
| Older age (per 5 y increase) | 0.88 (0.80-0.97) | .01 | 0.78 (0.67-0.92) | .003 | ||
| Higher systolic BP (per 10 mm Hg increase) | 1.03 (0.93-1.14) | .54 | 1.06 (0.91-1.25) | .43 | ||
| Higher BMI (per 5 kg/m2 increase) | 0.98 (0.85-1.13) | .79 | 0.95 (0.79-1.14) | .55 | ||
| Lower eGFR (per 10 mL/min/1.73 m2 decrease) | 1.27 (1.15-1.40) | <.001 | 1.41 (1.20-1.65) | <.001 | ||
| Adjusted models (with stages of AKI) | ||||||
| Higher urine ACR (per doubling), mg/g | 1.38 (1.26-1.50) | <.001 | 0.85 | NA | ||
| Female vs male | 1.42 (0.92-2.19) | .12 | ||||
| Black vs nonblack | 0.84 (0.50-1.41) | .50 | ||||
| Hispanic vs non-Hispanic | 0.80 (0.25-2.57) | .70 | ||||
| Diabetic vs nondiabetic | 1.63 (0.96-2.77) | .07 | ||||
| Older age (per 5 y increase) | 0.88 (0.80-0.97) | .01 | ||||
| Higher systolic BP (per 10 mm Hg increase) | 1.03 (0.94-1.14) | .53 | ||||
| Higher BMI (per 5 kg/m2 increase) | 0.98 (0.85-1.14) | .82 | ||||
| Lower eGFR (per 10 mL/min/1.73 m2 decrease) | 1.27 (1.16-1.40) | <.001 | ||||
| Stage 2 vs stage 1 AKI | 0.89 (0.46-1.72) | .72 | ||||
| Stage 3 vs stage 1 AKI | 1.96 (1.14-3.37) | .01 | ||||
Abbreviations: ACR, albumin-to-creatinine ratio; AKI, acute kidney injury; ASSESS-AKI, The Assessment, Serial Evaluation, and Subsequent Sequelae in Acute Kidney Injury study; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HR, hazard ratio; NA, not applicable.