Table 1. Study Participant Demographics and Product Characteristics.
| Demographic | No. (%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Total (N = 48) | Lotion (n = 12) | Aerosol Spray (n = 12) | Nonaerosol Spray (n = 12) | Pump Spray (n = 12) | |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 38.7 (13.2) | 45.1 (13.8) | 41.4 (13.40 | 39.2 (12.2) | 29.0 (8.5) |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 24 (50) | 6 (50) | 6 (50) | 6 (50) | 6 (50) |
| Female | 24 (50) | 6 (50) | 6 (50) | 6 (50) | 6 (50) |
| Race | |||||
| Black or African American | 23 (48) | 4 (33) | 5 (42) | 4 (33) | 10 (83) |
| White | 23 (48) | 8 (67) | 7 (58) | 6 (50) | 2 (17) |
| Asian | 1 (2) | 0 | 0 | 1 (8) | 0 |
| Unknown | 1 (2) | 0 | 0 | 1 (8) | 0 |
| Hispanic or Latino ethnicity | 3 (6) | 1 (8) | 0 | 1 (8) | 1 (8) |
| Body mass index, mean (SD)a | 26.0 (2.9) | 26.2 (2.2) | 25.8 (3.7) | 25.8 (2.4) | 26.0 (3.3) |
| Body surface area, mean (SD), m2b | 1.9 (0.2) | 1.9 (0.2) | 1.9 (0.2) | 1.8 (0.2) | 1.9 (0.2) |
| Fitzpatrick skin typec | |||||
| I | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| II | 9 (19) | 3 (25) | 2 (17) | 3 (25) | 1 (8) |
| III | 30 (63) | 5 (42) | 10 (83) | 6 (50) | 9 (75) |
| IV | 9 (19) | 4 (33) | 0 | 2 (25) | 2 (17) |
| V | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| VI | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Product composition, %d | |||||
| Avobenzone | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | |
| Oxybenzone | 4 | 6 | |||
| Octocrylene | 6 | 10 | 10 | ||
| Homosalate | 15 | 10 | 10 | ||
| Octisalate | 5 | 5 | 5 | ||
| Octinoxate | 7.5 | 7.5 | |||
Calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.
Body surface area was calculated using the Mosteller formula: BSA (m2) = (Height [cm] × Weight [kg]/3600)0.5.
Fitzpatrick skin type score: A numerical classification schema used to describe a person’s skin type in terms of response to UV radiation exposure. Participants were provided with a 10-question questionnaire and instructed to select 1 answer for each question. The Fitzpatrick skin type is determined by adding scores for each question, grouped in categories of genetic disposition, reaction to sun exposure, and tanning habits. The scoring scale for this study is as follows: type I: 0-7; type II: 8-16; type III: 17-24; type IV: 25-30; and V or VI: >30.
Maximum allowed on US market is 3% weight/volume (w/v) avobenzone, 6% w/v oxybenzone, 10% w/v octocrylene, 15% w/v homosalate, 5% w/v octisalate, and 7.5% w/v octinoxate.