Table 1. Characteristics of Nursing Home Residents With Advanced Illness by Cohort Yeara.
| Characteristic | Cohort Yeara | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2011b | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | |
| Advanced Dementia | ||||||
| Residents, No. | 18 178b | 44 385 | 50 725 | 53 078 | 53 418 | 52 221 |
| Follow-up, mean (SD), d | 232.5 (146.0) | 238.2 (143.6) | 242.8 (143.0) | 241.8 (142.4) | 243.6 (142.7) | 238.7 (143.5) |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 85.0 (7.6) | 85.4 (7.6) | 85.6 (7.8) | 85.8 (7.8) | 85.9 (7.9) | 85.8 (8.0) |
| Female, No. (%) | 12 400 (68.2) | 30 760 (69.3) | 35 630 (70.2) | 37 303 (70.3) | 37 906 (71.0) | 36 572 (70.0) |
| Nonwhite race, No. (%) | 3196 (17.6) | 7312 (16.5) | 8140 (16.0) | 8508 (16.0) | 8467 (15.9) | 8464 (16.2) |
| Dual eligible, No. (%)c | 12 654 (69.6) | 32 238 (72.6) | 37 522 (74.0) | 39 462 (74.3) | 39 558 (74.1) | 39 280 (75.2) |
| MRS3, mean (SD)d | 8.4 (3.6) | 8.1 (3.6) | 7.9 (3.5) | 7.7 (3.4) | 7.6 (3.4) | 7.5 (3.3) |
| Advanced Congestive Heart Failure | ||||||
| Residents, No. | 8866b | 16 667 | 17 782 | 17 392 | 17 562 | 18 931 |
| Follow-up, mean (SD), d alive | 207.8 (149.3) | 217.8 (148.1) | 228.5 (146.7) | 226.1 (146.1) | 223.9 (148.0) | 218.9 (149.5) |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 84.2 (8.1) | 84.5 (8.2) | 84.5 (8.3) | 84.5 (8.5) | 84.5 (8.6) | 84.3 (8.6) |
| Female, No. (%) | 5994 (67.6) | 11 484 (68.9) | 12 247 (68.9) | 11 999 (69.0) | 12 183 (69.4) | 12 865 (68.0) |
| Nonwhite race, No. (%) | 1417 (16.0) | 2429 (14.6) | 2544 (14.3) | 2454 (14.1) | 2338 (13.3) | 2812 (14.9) |
| Dual eligible, No. (%)c | 6447 (73.1) | 12 665 (76.0) | 13 437 (75.6) | 13 216 (76.0) | 13 097 (74.6) | 14 224 (75.1) |
| MRS3, mean (SD)d | 10.7 (3.3) | 10.9 (3.1) | 10.8 (3.0) | 10.5 (3.0) | 10.7 (3.0) | 10.1 (2.9) |
| Advanced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | ||||||
| Residents, No. | 8467b | 16 597 | 17 806 | 17 166 | 17 409 | 19 154 |
| Follow-up, mean (SD), d alive | 220.5 (148.3) | 233.8 (144.8) | 243.7 (143.3) | 241.9 (142.7) | 242.1 (143.9) | 239.5 (144.8) |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 82.8 (8.2) | 83.1 (8.2) | 83.1 (8.4) | 83.2 (8.6) | 83.1 (8.5) | 83.1 (8.6) |
| Female, No. (%) | 5584 (64.6) | 10 818 (65.2) | 11 788 (66.2) | 11 303 (65.8) | 11 573 (66.5) | 12 668 (66.1) |
| Nonwhite race, No. (%) | 1386 (16.0) | 2422 (14.6) | 2523 (14.2) | 2441 (14.2) | 2310 (13.3) | 2775 (14.5) |
| Dual eligible, No. (%)c | 6566 (75.9) | 12 933 (77.9) | 14 019 (78.7) | 13 499 (78.6) | 13 414 (77.1) | 15 121 (78.9) |
| MRS3, mean (SD)d | 9.6 (3.3) | 9.6 (3.2) | 9.6 (3.0) | 9.4 (3.0) | 9.3 (2.9) | 9.0 (3.0) |
Abbreviations: MDS, Minimum Data Set; MRS3, MDS 3.0 mortality risk score.
a
Cohort year refers to the calendar year of the inception cohort constructed for each advanced illness using MDS 3.0 assessments from 2011 to 2016.
b
Cohort sizes from 2011 were smaller compared with those of other years because residents had to be in the nursing home for at least 100 days and MDS data before 2011 were not used.
c
Beneficiaries who qualify for both Medicare and Medicaid benefits.
d
MDS 3.0 mortality risk score, range 0-39; higher scores indicate higher risk of mortality.