Figure 3. Adjusted Odds Ratios for Subjection to Violence Only, Perpetration of Violence Only, and Both Subjection to and Perpetration of Violence Among Men and Women With Psychiatric Disorders.

The adjusted odds ratios refer to within-family estimates comparing differentially exposed siblings and adjusted for sex, birth year, birth order, and the individual’s history of subjection to and perpetration of violence. Because the comparisons were made within families, there was no need to adjust for factors that were constant within families.