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. 2020 Jan 13;180(3):411–419. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.6398

Table 2. Changes in Voiding Frequency and Other Urinary Symptoms .

Bladder Diary Variable Mean (SD) P Value
Behavioral Therapy (n = 71) Drug Therapy (n = 68) Combined Therapy (n = 65)
After 6-wk Follow-up (Stage 1)
Mean 24-h voiding frequency, voids/d
Baseline 11.7 (2.4) 11.8 (2.5) 11.8 (2.4) >.99
Posttreatment 8.8 (2.1) 10.3 (2.7) 8.2 (2.3) <.001a
Change (baseline to 6-wk follow-up) 2.9 (2.4) 1.5 (2.3) 3.6 (2.1) <.001a
Change, % 24.7 12.7 30.5 NA
Within-group P valueb <.001 <.001 <.001 NA
Mean nocturia frequency, episodes/nightc
Baseline 2.1 (1.2) 2.2 (1.1) 2.1 (1.3) .85
Posttreatment 1.3 (0.8) 1.8 (1.2) 1.3 (1.0) <.001a
Change (baseline to 6-wk follow-up) 0.7 (1.0) 0.4 (1.0) 0.9 (1.1) <.001a
Within-group P valueb <.001 .004 <.001 NA
Mean urgency scored
Baseline 1.6 (0.6) 1.6 (0.5) 1.5 (0.6) .40
Posttreatment 1.6 (0.6) 1.5 (0.5) 1.3 (0.7) .004a
Change (baseline to 6-wk follow-up) −0.1 (0.5) 0.1 (0.5) 0.2 (0.6) .004a
Within-group P valueb .19 .10 .03 NA
Maximum urgency scored
Baseline 2.3 (0.7) 2.4 (0.6) 2.4 (0.6) .70
Posttreatment 2.2 (0.7) 2.2 (0.6) 1.8 (0.8) <.001a
Change (baseline to 6-wk follow-up) 0.1 (0.6) 0.2 (0.6) 0.5 (0.7) <.001a
Within-group P valueb .14 .002 <.001 NA
Incontinence, episodes/wk
Baseline 6.8 (11.3) 5.5 (10.4) 6.6 (10.1) .78
Posttreatment 3.1 (6.0) 2.6 (6.6) 1.5 (4.3) .15a
Change (baseline to 6-wk follow-up) 3.6 (8.0) 2.9 (10.6) 5.2 (8.9) .15a
Change, % 52.9 52.7 78.8 NA
Within-group P valueb <.001 .03 <.001 NA
Mean Overactive Bladder Questionnaire score
Baseline 65.5 (34.0) 61.1 (32.4) 62.6 (34.8) .74
Posttreatment 43.0 (28.2) 39.5 (30.0) 23.8 (22.1) <.001a
Change (baseline to 6-wk follow-up) 22.5 (22.0) 21.6 (27.6) 38.8 (31.3) <.001a
Within-group P valueb <.001 <.001 <.001 NA
Mean International Prostate Symptom Scoree
Baseline 15.9 (5.5) 16.3 (5.9) 17.6 (6.4) .21
Posttreatment 11.4 (5.3) 11.5 (5.8) 9.2 (4.8) <.001a
Change (baseline to 6-wk follow-up) 4.6 (4.1) 4.7 (5.9) 8.5 (4.9) <.001a
Within-group P valueb <.001 <.001 <.001 NA
After 12-wk Follow-up (Stage 2)
Mean 24-h voiding frequency, voids/d
Baseline 11.7 (2.4) 11.8 (2.5) 11.8 (2.4) >.99
12-wk treatment 8.0 (2.2) 8.6 (2.3) 8.0 (2.2) .33a
Change (baseline to 12-wk follow-up) 3.7 (2.3) 3.2 (2.5) 3.8 (2.1) .33a
Change, % 31.6 27.1 32.2 NA
Within-group P valueb <.001 <.001 <.001 NA
Mean nocturia frequency, episodes/nightc
Baseline 2.1 (1.2) 2.2 (1.1) 2.1 (1.3) .85
12-wk treatment 1.2 (0.9) 1.4 (1.1) 1.2 (1.0) .34a
Change (baseline to 12-wk follow-up) 0.9 (1.0) 0.8 (1.0) 1.0 (1.0) .34a
Within-group P valueb <.001 <.001 <.001 NA
Mean urgency scored
Baseline 1.6 (0.6) 1.6 (0.5) 1.5 (0.6) .40
12-wk treatment 1.5 (0.6) 1.5 (0.6) 1.2 (0.7) .06a
Change (baseline to 12-wk follow-up) 0.1 (0.6) 0.2 (0.6) 0.3 (0.6) .06a
Within-group P valueb .34 .06 .002 NA
Maximum urgency scored
Baseline 2.3 (0.7) 2.4 (0.6) 2.4 (0.6) .70
12-wk treatment 2.0 (0.8) 2.0 (0.8) 1.8 (0.8) .07a
Change (baseline to 12-wk follow-up) 0.3 (0.7) 0.4 (0.7) 0.6 (0.8) .07a
Within-group P valueb <.001 <.001 <.001 NA
Incontinence, episodes/wk
Baseline 6.8 (11.3) 5.5 (10.4) 6.6 (10.1) .78
12-wk treatment 1.2 (2.5) 1.1 (3.0) 1.2 (3.1) >.99a
Change (baseline to 12-wk follow-up) 5.5 (10.0) 4.4 (10.1) 5.4 (9.1) >.99a
Change, % 80.9 80.0 81.8 NA
Within-group P valueb <.001 <.001 <.001 NA
Mean Overactive Bladder Questionnaire score
Baseline 65.5 (34.0) 61.1 (32.4) 62.6 (34.8) .74
12-wk treatment 22.8 (21.9) 26.4 (24.5) 18.9 (18.6) .11a
Change (baseline to 12-wk follow-up) 42.7 (29.9) 34.7 (29.6) 43.7 (33.6) .11a
Within-group P valueb <.001 <.001 <.001 NA
Mean International Prostate Symptom Scoree
Baseline 15.9 (5.5) 16.3 (5.9) 17.6 (6.4) .21
12-wk treatment 8.2 (5.3) 8.8 (4.7) 8.0 (4.8) .32a
Change (baseline to 12-wk follow-up) 7.7 (5.3) 7.5 (5.9) 9.6 (5.6) .32a
Within-group P valueb <.001 <.001 <.001 NA

Abbreviation: NA, not applicable.

a

F test adjusting for baseline values and age.

b

Within-group P value compared baseline vs posttreatment, ie, treatment effects, with Wilcoxon signed rank sum test.

c

Nocturia was defined as the number of voids between the time the participant went to bed with the intention of sleeping and just prior to morning awakening (as recorded in the diary).

d

Scores ranged from 0 to 3, with 0 indicating none (no urgency); 1, mild (awareness of urgency but is easily tolerated); 2, moderate (enough urgency discomfort that it interferes with or shortens usual activity); and 3, severe (extreme urgency discomfort that abruptly stops all activities or tasks).

e

Scores ranged from 0 to 35, with higher scores indicating more frequent lower urinary tract symptoms.