Table 1. Demographic Characteristics of Study Participants.
| Characteristic | Participants, No. (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Total Morphometry Sample (N = 951) | Least Disadvantaged Neighborhoods (n = 910) | Most Disadvantaged Neighborhoods (n = 41) | |
| Demographic variablesa | |||
| Participants | |||
| WRAP | 439 (46.2) | 423 (46.5) | 16 (39.0)b |
| ADRC | 512 (53.8) | 487 (53.5) | 25 (61.0)b |
| Age, mean (SD) [range], y | 63.9 (8.1) [44.4-90.4] | 63.9 (8.0) [44.4-89] | 63.7 (9.5) [46.8-90.4]b |
| Female sex | 637 (67.0) | 607 (66.7) | 30 (73.2)b |
| Education, mean (SD) [range], y | 16.4 (2.6) [8-24] | 16.4 (2.6) [8-24] | 15.0 (2.7) [10-21]c |
| APOE-ε4 positive, No./total No. (%) | 315/910 (34.6)d | 303/870 (34.8) | 12/40 (30.0)b |
| Parental dementia history | 614 (64.6) | 589 (64.7) | 25 (61.0)b |
| Primary race/ethnicity | |||
| White | 845 (88.9) | 818 (89.9) | 27 (65.9)e |
| Black or African American | 78 (8.2) | 64 (7.0) | 14 (34.1)e |
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 23 (2.4) | 23 (2.5) | 0b |
| Other | 5 (0.5) | 5 (0.5) | 0b |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 8 (0.8) | 8 (0.9) | 0b |
| MRI outcomes, mean (SD) [range], mm3 | |||
| Total hippocampal volume | 7747 (776) [5208-10 088] | 7761 (776) [5208-10 088] | 7423 (720) [5288-8654] |
| Total brain tissue volume | 1 072 985 (70 389) [766 605-1 237 097] | 1 074 018 (70 460) [766 605-1 237 097] | 1 050 074 (65 504) [910 662-1 184 179] |
| Total Cardiovascular Risk Sample (N = 893) | Least Disadvantaged Neighborhoods (n = 857) | Most Disadvantaged Neighborhoods (n = 36) | |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | |||
| Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD) [range], mm Hg | 125 (16) [90-193] | 125 (16) [90-193] | 131 (16.3) [98-162]f |
| Cholesterol, mean (SD) [range], mg/dL | |||
| Total | 202 (35) [131-316] | 203 (35) [131-316] | 197 (38) [140-301]b |
| HDL | 61 (16) [22-100] | 61 (16) [22-100] | 58 (15) [30-98]b |
| Current smoker | 33 (3.7) | 29 (3.4) | 4 (11.1)f |
| Diabetes diagnosis | 76 (8.5) | 67 (7.8) | 9 (25.0)e |
| Taking antihypertensive medication | 295 (33.0) | 277 (32.3) | 18 (50.0)f |
| ASCVD 10-y risk score, mean (SD) [range] | 9.5 (9.0) [0.22-60.4] | 9.4 (8.9) [0.22-60.4] | 12.7 (10.8) [0.68-40.5] |
Abbreviations: ADRC, Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center; ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; HDL, high-density lipoprotein, MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; WRAP, Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention.
SI conversion factor: To convert total cholesterol and HDL-C to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.0259.
a
The χ2 or 2-tailed t test was used to test differences in sample demographics.
b
P > .05 (most vs least neighborhood disadvantage).
c
P < .01.
d
Forty-one participants missing APOE genetic data.
e
P < .001.
f
P < .05.