Table 2. Results of Regression Models of Association Between Neighborhood-Level Disadvantage and Morphometric Brain Volumesa.
| Characteristic | Unstandardized β Coefficient (95% CI) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Hippocampus | Total Brain Tissue | ||||
| I | II | III | IV | V | |
| 20% Most disadvantaged neighborhoods | –317.44 (–543.32 to –91.56)b | –235.39 (–452.47 to –18.30)c | –163.74 (–426.54 to 99.05) | –20 959.67 (–37 611.92 to –4307.43)c | –24 638.84 (–44 057.77 to –5219.91)c |
| Total brain tissue | NA | 0.004 (0.003 to 0.005)d | NA | NA | NA |
| Age | −37.47 (−43.27 to −31.67)d | −14.82 (−22.16 to −7.47)d | −37.85 (−43.66 to −32.05)d | −5786.09 (−6214.00 to −5358.17)d | −5776.90 (−6205.65 to −5348.16)d |
| Male sex | −97.95 (−196.02 to 0.12)e | −36.91 (−131.74 to 57.92) | −74.82 (−174.77 to 25.14) | –15 592.66 (–22 822.52 to –8362.80)d | –16 146.51 (–23 532.70 to –8760.32)d |
| Years of education completed | 10.16 (−7.56 to 27.89) | 4.79 (−12.23 to 21.81) | 9.04 (−8.67 to 26.76) | 1372.84 (66.09 to 2679.60)c | 1399.63 (90.53 to 2708.73)c |
| Neighborhood disadvantage: male sex | NA | NA | −573.74 (−1078.04 to −69.44)c | NA | 13 733.99 (−23 531.01 to 50 998.99) |
| Model intercept | 9993.62 (9526.49 to 10 460.74)d | 4419.66 (3156.87 to 5682.44)d | 10 025.95 (9558.94 to 10 492.96)d | 1 423 783.00 (1 389 346.00 to 1 458 220.00)d | 1 423 009.00 (1 388 500.00 to 1 457 519.00)d |
| R2 | 0.16 | 0.23 | 0.16 | 0.44 | 0.44 |
| Adjusted R2 | 0.15 | 0.22 | 0.16 | 0.44 | 0.44 |
Abbreviations: ADI, Area Deprivation Index, MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; NA, not applicable.
a
Presented as unstandardized β coefficient estimate (95% CI) for each model variable for comparison of absolute effect sizes of variables on morphometry outcomes. Neighborhood-level disadvantage is based on statewide ADI distributions. All volumes are in cubic millimeters. All models included 951 cognitively unimpaired participants. Models also include MRI scanner nuisance variables.
b
P < .01.
c
P < .05.
d
P < .001.
e
P < .10.