Table 1. The root growth performance of different wheat cultivars under Cd treatments.

The root growth status during germinating and seedling were shown in three cultivars under different Cd stresses. The different letters represent significant difference among different Cd treatment concentrations within the same cultivar.

Cd treatments (mg·L−1)		Germinating				Seedling
		Total length (cm)	Total length (cm)	Area surface (cm2)	Volume (cm3)	Longest length (cm)	Tips	Bifurcation	Diameter (mm)
XH	0	5.18 ± 0.0.43ab	70.71 ± 21.27a	7.66 ± 3.19a	2.48 ± 2.59a	13.28 ± 0.62a	19.89 ± 4.30a	15.89 ± 3.67a	0.51 ± 0.08b
	2.5	5.71 ± 0.20a	30.21 ± 4.45b	4.74 ± 0.83a	0.20 ± 0.17b	6.86 ± 1.25b	11.00 ± 3.21b	7.89 ± 1.35b	0.64 ± 0.16ab
	5	5.09 ± 0.34ab	27.43 ± 5.39b	6.62 ± 1.57a	0.15 ± 0.05b	8.50 ± 1.01b	6.89 ± 0.69c	2.28 ± 0.25c	0.82 ± 0.03a
	10	5.21 ± 0.46ab	20.61 ± 3.85bc	3.54 ± 1.65b	0.07 ± 0.03bc	5.94 ± 0.82c	5.44 ± 0.51c	1.50 ± 0.5c	0.70 ± 0.01b
	20	4.61 ± 0.32b	15.24 ± 3.64bc	3.01 ± 1.07bc	0.05 ± 0.01c	5.69 ± 1.12c	4.33 ± 0.58c	0.00 ± 0.00d	0.60 ± 0.06b
	40	3.76 ± 0.18c	8.49 ± 0.93c	1.28 ± 0.55c	0.02 ± 0.01c	2.96 ± 0.22d	3.44 ± 0.19c	0.00 ± 0.00d	0.57 ± 0.13b
LZ	0	4.89 ± 0.54a	61.26 ± 8.75a	6.66 ± 1.22a	0.69 ± 0.57a	13.56 ± 0.97a	15.67 ± 2.31a	12.89 ± 1.95a	0.48 ± 0.03b
	2.5	4.99 ± 1.32a	25.32 ± 6.68b	3.63 ± 0.83b	0.15 ± 0.15b	9.66 ± 1.39b	6.61 ± 1.08b	2.17 ± 2.02b	0.45 ± 0.12b
	5	5.61 ± 0.79a	18.73 ± 4.58bc	3.51 ± 0.73b	0.07 ± 0.02b	6.48 ± 2.17c	7.33 ± 2.08b	2.22 ± 2.11b	0.66 ± 0.04a
	10	4.82 ± 0.32a	16.57 ± 2.13bc	3.01 ± 0.32bc	0.05 ± 0.01bc	4.94 ± 1.02cd	5.11 ± 0.19bc	0.00 ± 0.00c	0.65 ± 0.04a
	20	4.35 ± 0.48a	12.57 ± 4.15cd	1.81 ± 0.54c	0.03 ± 0.01cd	3.67 ± 0.82de	4.67 ± 0.67c	0.00 ± 0.00c	0.59 ± 0.06ab
	40	2.81 ± 0.19b	3.88 ± 0.69d	0.56 ± 0.16d	0.01 ± 0.00d	1.75 ± 0.41e	3.00 ± 0.00c	0.00 ± 0.00c	0.61 ± 0.06ab
DF	0	3.42 ± 0.12c	55.85 ± 19.42a	6.94 ± 2.64a	0.73 ± 0.57a	9.39 ± 1.54a	24.33 ± 9.75a	17.83 ± 9.93a	0.53 ± 0.08b
	2.5	4.21 ± 0.25ab	41.24 ± 19.65b	4.20 ± 0.89b	0.13 ± 0.12ab	8.46 ± 1.82a	14.67 ± 5.17b	8.56 ± 4.44b	0.51 ± 0.05b
	5	4.62 ± 0.21a	34.36 ± 5.61b	7.15 ± 0.88b	0.18 ± 0.02ab	8.57 ± 1.36ab	12.00 ± 1.73bc	6.67 ± 2.03bc	0.76 ± 0.03a
	10	3.80 ± 0.32bc	20.11 ± 1.27c	4.36 ± 1.11b	0.09 ± 0.03bc	6.02 ± 0.76b	7.78 ± 0.51cd	5.00 ± 1.00cd	0.68 ± 0.08a
	20	3.28 ± 0.41cd	12.31 ± 1.54cd	1.89 ± 0.50c	0.04 ± 0.02c	3.01 ± 0.21bc	5.78 ± 0.50d	1.00 ± 1.00d	0.68 ± 0.02ab
	40	2.72 ± 0.16d	5.02 ± 0.73d	0.67 ± 0.07d	0.01 ± 0.00c	1.68 ± 0.11c	4.11 ± 0.84d	0.67 ± 1.15d	0.50 ± 0.01b