Table 2.

Comparison of lung deposited PM mass (μg PM) and lung toxicity potencies (# neutrophil/μg PM) after inhalation and aspiration of biomass smoke PM.

Exposure method		Peat		Eucalyptus		Oak
		Smoldering	Flaming	Smoldering	Flaming	Smoldering	Flaming
Deposited PM mass
Aspiration1)		81	81	81	81	81	81
Inhalation2)		65.8±1.8	6.1±0.2	60.9±2.0	5.5±0.3	97.1±9.7	9.2±0.7
Lung toxicity potency
Aspiration3)	4 h	39±14*	294±173*	105±33*	209±52*	27±12	88±52*
	24 h	41±12	846±274*	94±35*	782±527*	70±52	17±7
Inhalation4)	4h	41±7*	454±78*	64±9*	321±70	25±5	203±44
	24h	68±15	1,208±332*	53±18	589±144*	21±6	333±59

Note: Error ranges represent standard error of the mean (SEM)

¹⁾Deposited PM mass = PM deposition fraction in the respiratory tract (Foster et al. 2001) × PM dose (Kim et al. 2018)

²⁾Deposited PM mass = PM deposition fraction in the respiratory tract (Figure 7A) × PM dose (Table 1) × Total respiratory volume (Table S4)

³⁾Lung toxicity potency = Neutrophil counts (Kim et al. 2018) / Deposited PM mass

⁴⁾Lung toxicity potency = Neutrophil counts (Figure 5B) / Deposited PM mass

^*These values were statistically significant from the respective negative control groups.