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. 2003 Apr 22;2003(2):CD003158. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003158

Comparison 1. Acetyl‐l‐carnitine vs placebo.

Outcome or subgroup title No. of studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size
1 Clinical Global impression (continuous measure) 2   Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
1.1 CGI‐Severity of disease (change from baseline at 52 weeks) 1 417 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.10 [‐0.23, 0.03]
1.2 CGI‐C (change from baseline at 52 weeks) 1 417 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.10 [‐0.07, 0.27]
1.3 Clinical Global Impression of Improvement (change from baseline at 24 weeks) 1 23 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.48 [0.33, 0.63]
2 Severity of dementia 8   Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
2.1 Blessed Dementia Rating Scale (change from baseline at 13 weeks) completers 1 43 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.30 [‐1.30, 0.70]
2.2 Blessed Dementia Rating Scale (change from baseline at 24 weeks) completers 3 241 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.06 [‐0.55, 0.68]
2.3 Blessed Dementia Rating Scale (change from baseline at 52 weeks) completers 2 368 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.02 [‐0.57, 0.60]
2.4 Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR)‐Sum of Boxes (change from baseline at 52 weeks) 2 595 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.16 [‐0.26, 0.59]
2.5 Sickness Impact Profile (change from baseline at 24 weeks) completers 1 27 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐2.2 [‐8.96, 4.56]
3 Cognition 13   Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
3.1 MMSE (change from baseline at 52 weeks) completers 3 771 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.46 [‐0.15, 1.07]
3.2 MMSE (change from baseline at 24 weeks) completers 7 404 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.69 [0.09, 1.29]
3.3 MMSE (change from baseline at 12 weeks) completers 7 405 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.06 [‐0.53, 0.65]
3.4 ADAS‐cog (change from baseline at 52 weeks) completers 2 614 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.04 [‐1.38, 1.30]
3.5 Blessed Information Memory and Concentration Test (change from baseline at 13 weeks) completers 1 41 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.33 [‐0.33, 2.99]
3.6 Blessed Information and Concentration Test (change from baseline at 52 weeks) completers 2 277 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.70 [‐0.57, 1.97]
3.7 Modified Mini Mental State Examination (mMMSE) (change from baseline at 24 weeks) completers 1 27 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.50 [‐1.25, 4.25]
3.8 Kendrick Object Learning Test (change from baseline at 24 weeks) 4 157 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐1.35 [‐3.34, 0.64]
3.9 Kendrick Digit Copying Test (change from baseline at 24 weeks) 3 102 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐1.15 [‐5.31, 3.01]
3.10 Kendrick Object Learning Test (change from baseline at 12 weeks) 3 122 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.84 [0.09, 1.59]
3.11 Word Fluency (Fruit) (change from baseline to 12 weeks) 2 113 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.12 [‐0.30, 0.07]
3.12 Word Fluency (Fruit) (change from baseline to 24 weeks) 2 113 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.37 [‐0.54, ‐0.20]
3.13 Word Fluency (Colours) (change from baseline at 12 weeks) 2 113 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.46 [‐0.62, ‐0.30]
3.14 Word Fluency (Colours) (change from baseline at 24 weeks) 2 113 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.69 [‐0.86, ‐0.52]
3.15 Word Fluency (M‐words) (change from baseline at 12 weeks) 2 113 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐1.28 [‐1.62, ‐0.93]
3.16 Word Fluency (M‐words) (change from baseline at 24 weeks) 2 113 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐1.08 [‐1.57, ‐0.60]
3.17 Toulouse‐Pieron (Production) (change from baseline at 12 weeks) 2 65 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.00 [‐14.01, 10.02]
3.18 Toulouse‐ Pieron (time) (change from baseline at 12 weeks) 2 65 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐16.39 [‐54.84, 22.06]
3.19 Toulouse‐Pieron (mistakes) (change from baseline at 12 weeks) 2 65 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.72 [‐3.00, 6.44]
3.20 MMSE (change from baseline at 52 weeks) intention to treat 1 207 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.5 [‐0.44, 1.44]
3.21 MMSE (change from baseline at 24 weeks) intention to treat 1 207 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.40 [‐0.42, 1.22]
4 Activities of Daily Living 3   Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
4.1 Activities of Daily Living Scale (change from baseline at 52 weeks) completers 2 614 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.17 [‐0.33, 0.68]
4.2 Nuremberg Geriatric Daily Activities Scale (change from baseline at 12 weeks) completers 1 187 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐2.2 [‐5.44, 1.04]
5 Dropouts before end of treatment 12   Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
5.1 Between baseline and 12 weeks 3 310 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.17 [0.66, 2.07]
5.2 Between baseline and 24 weeks 6 292 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.17 [0.63, 2.17]
5.3 Between baseline and 52 weeks 4 998 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.02 [0.75, 1.38]
6 Clinical Global Impression (improved vs no change/ worse) 10   Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
6.1 Clinical Global Impression of Improvement (change from baseline at 12 weeks) 6 499 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.90 [1.31, 2.76]
6.2 Clinical Global Impression of improvement ( change from baseline at 24 weeks) 6 233 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 2.33 [1.31, 4.14]
6.3 CIGIC (change from baseline at 52 weeks) 2 338 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.91 [0.58, 1.43]
6.4 Clinical Global Impression of Severity at 24 weeks (normal‐mild versus mod‐severe illness) 3 246 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.25 [0.71, 2.20]
6.5 Clinical Global Impression of Efficacy at 24 weeks) 4 260 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.59 [0.34, 1.02]
6.6 Clinical Global Impression of Severity (normal/mild versus mod/severe) at 52 weeks 1 171 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.30 [0.70, 2.41]
6.7 Clinical Global Impression of Efficacy (at 52 weeks) 1 171 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.83 [0.42, 1.64]
7 Dropouts due to adverse events 11 1514 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.89 [0.60, 1.33]
7.1 Between baseline and 12 weeks 2 274 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.66 [0.29, 1.53]
7.2 Between baseline and 24 weeks 5 242 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.92 [0.47, 1.84]
7.3 Between baseline and 52 weeks 4 998 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.02 [0.56, 1.84]
8 Number suffering at least one adverse event 10 1060 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.95 [0.70, 1.30]
8.1 Between baseline and 12 weeks 3 431 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.96 [0.54, 1.70]
8.2 Between baseline and 24 weeks 8 629 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.95 [0.65, 1.38]
9 Number suffering at least one adverse event of agitation 3 249 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.42 [0.53, 3.85]
9.1 Between baseline and 12 weeks 2 174 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.53 [0.49, 4.79]
9.2 Between baseline and 24 weeks 1 75 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.15 [0.15, 8.63]
10 Number suffering at least one adverse event of nausea 6 662 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.14 [0.44, 2.95]
10.1 Between baseline and 52 weeks 1 220 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.98 [0.06, 15.90]
10.2 Between baseline and 24 weeks 4 212 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.39 [0.47, 4.14]
10.3 Between baseline and 12 weeks 1 230 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.33 [0.01, 8.20]
11 Number suffering at least one adverse event of aggression 2 111 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.63 [0.26, 10.31]
11.1 Between baseline and 24 weeks 2 111 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.63 [0.26, 10.31]
12 Number suffering at least one adverse event of confusion and or depression 4 412 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.87 [0.26, 2.95]
12.1 Between baseline and 12 weeks 1 230 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 3.03 [0.12, 75.06]
12.2 Between baseline and 24 weeks 3 182 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.66 [0.17, 2.64]
13 Number suffering at least one adverse event of abdominal discomfort or diarrhoea 4 351 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.82 [0.25, 2.76]
13.1 Between baseline and 52 weeks 1 220 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.49 [0.24, 9.07]
13.2 Between baseline and 24 weeks 3 131 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.49 [0.09, 2.77]
14 Number of deaths 8 1310 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.67 [0.29, 1.52]
14.1 Between baseline and 12 weeks 1 230 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.33 [0.01, 8.20]
14.2 Between baseline and 24 weeks 4 212 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.07 [0.24, 4.80]
14.3 Between baseline and 52 weeks 3 868 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.58 [0.20, 1.67]