Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of Infants.
| Characteristic | Infants, No. (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention Group (n = 298) | Control Group (n = 288) | |
| IEN, quintilea | ||
| First | 55 (19.0) | 52 (18.3) |
| Second | 69 (23.9) | 62 (21.8) |
| Third | 52 (20.8) | 52 (18.3) |
| Fourth | 65 (22.9) | 65 (22.9) |
| Fifth | 53 (18.7) | 53 (18.7) |
| Education, mean (SD), y | ||
| Maternal | 10.1 (3.7) | 10.1 (3.8) |
| Paternal | 8.9 (3.9) | 9.4 (4.1) |
| Age, mean (SD), y | ||
| Maternal | 27.1 (6.6) | 27.4 (6.5) |
| Paternal | 29.5 (8.2) | 29.9 (8.0) |
| Pregnancies, mean (SD), No. | 0.7 (1.0) | 0.8 (1.1) |
| Pregestational maternal weight, mean (SD), kg | 68.1 (16.0) | 71.6 (57.2) |
| Antenatal visits, mean (SD), No. | 9.1 (2.7) | 8.9 (2.8) |
| Type of delivery | ||
| Vaginal | 120 (40.3) | 102 (35.5) |
| Cesarean | 178 (59.7) | 185 (64.5) |
| Infant’s sex | ||
| Boy | 154 (52.9) | 164 (58.2) |
| Girl | 137 (47.1) | 118 (41.8) |
| Birth weight, mean (SD), g | 3275.87 (443.06) | 3274.95 (454.11) |
| Apgar score, mean (SD), min | ||
| 1 | 8.8 (5.4) | 8.6 (1.4) |
| 5 | 9.9 (5.2) | 9.5 (0.7) |
| Age at 3 mo, mean (SD), d | 91.4 (2.6) | 91.3 (2.6) |
| Weight at 3 mo, mean (SD), g | 6200.8 (767.6) | 6283.2 (823.9) |
| Length at 3 mo, mean (SD), cm | 60.6 (2.3) | 60.5 (2.5) |
| Breastfeeding pattern | ||
| Exclusive | 141 (47.3) | 127 (44.3) |
| Predominant | 19 (6.4) | 21 (7.3) |
| Partial | 67 (22.5) | 77 (26.8) |
| Weaned | 71 (23.8) | 62 (21.6) |
| Mother as principal caregiver | 286 (96.3) | 278 (96.9) |
| Mother lives with husband or companion | 253 (86.9) | 230 (81.6) |
| Bedsharing with mother | 138 (47.6) | 122 (44.2) |
| Siblings living in same house, No. | ||
| 0 | 153 (52.6) | 142 (50.3) |
| 1 | 99 (34.0) | 88 (31.2) |
| ≥2 | 39 (13.4) | 52 (18.4) |
| Bedrooms in home, mean (SD), No. | 1.8 (0.8) | 1.8 (0.7) |
| Persons per bedroom, mean (SD), No. | 2.6 (0.8) | 2.7 (1.1) |
| Maternal EPDS score, mean (SD) | 5.8 (4.9) | 5.2 (4.6) |
Abbreviations: EPDS, Edinburgh Post-Natal Depression Scale; IEN, Brazilian National Economic Index.
a
First indicates the lowest-resource quintile; fifth, highest-resource quintile.