Summary of findings for the main comparison. Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy compared with Waitlist/Usual Care for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults.
Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy versus Waitlist/Usual Care | ||||||
Patient or population: Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months Settings: Primary care, community, outpatient Intervention: Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy | ||||||
Outcomes | Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI) | Relative effect (95% CI) | No of Participants (studies) | Quality of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments | |
Assumed risk | Corresponding risk | |||||
Control | Trauma Focused CBT/ Exposure Therapy | |||||
Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Clinician‐rated | The mean severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician‐rated in the intervention groups was | 1.62 standard deviations lower (2.03 to 1.21 lower) | 1256 (28 studies) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low1,2,3 | ||
Leaving the study early for any reason | Study population | RR 1.64 (1.30 to 2.06) | 1756 (33 studies) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low1,2,3 | ||
130 per 1000 | 189 per 1000 (150 to 240) | |||||
Moderate | ||||||
85 per 1000 | 124 per 1000 (99 to 157) | |||||
*The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). CI: Confidence interval; RR: Risk ratio; | ||||||
GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect. Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate. Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate. Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate. |
1Some studies were judged to pose a high risk of bias 2Unexplained heterogeneity 3Small sample sizes