Summary of findings for the main comparison. Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy compared with Waitlist/Usual Care for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults.

Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy versus Waitlist/Usual Care
Patient or population: Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months Settings: Primary care, community, outpatient Intervention: Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy
Outcomes	Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)		Relative effect (95% CI)	No of Participants (studies)	Quality of the evidence (GRADE)	Comments
	Assumed risk	Corresponding risk
	Control	Trauma Focused CBT/ Exposure Therapy
Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Clinician‐rated		The mean severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician‐rated in the intervention groups was	1.62 standard deviations lower (2.03 to 1.21 lower)	1256 (28 studies)	⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low1,2,3
Leaving the study early for any reason	Study population		RR 1.64 (1.30 to 2.06)	1756 (33 studies)	⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low1,2,3
	130 per 1000	189 per 1000 (150 to 240)
	Moderate
	85 per 1000	124 per 1000 (99 to 157)
*The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). CI: Confidence interval; RR: Risk ratio;
GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect. Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate. Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate. Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate.

¹Some studies were judged to pose a high risk of bias
 ²Unexplained heterogeneity
 ³Small sample sizes