Comparison 1. Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs waitlist/usual care.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician	32		Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
1.1 Clinician PTSD	28	1256	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐1.62 [‐2.03, ‐1.21]
1.2 Clinician PTSD severity women‐only subgroup analysis)	9	562	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐1.83 [‐2.31, ‐1.36]
1.3 Clinician PTSD excluding studies of Vietnam War veterans	27	1232	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐1.67 [‐2.09, ‐1.25]
1.4 Self report	16	666	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐1.57 [‐2.01, ‐1.14]
2 Severity of PTSD symptoms at 1 ‐ 4 month follow‐up	4		Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
2.1 Clinician	4	336	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐1.18 [‐2.20, ‐0.17]
3 Severity of PTSD symptoms at 5 ‐ 8 month follow‐up.	3	192	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.47 [‐0.77, ‐0.18]
4 Severity of PTSD symptoms 9 ‐ 12 month follow‐up	1		Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Totals not selected
5 Leaving the study early for any reason	33	1756	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.64 [1.30, 2.06]
6 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report: 1 ‐ 4 month follow‐up	2	181	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐3.03 [‐6.51, 0.45]
7 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report: 5 ‐ 8 months)	2	208	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.61 [‐0.90, ‐0.32]
8 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report: 9 ‐ 12 month follow up	1		Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Totals not selected
9 Depression	28	1213	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐1.28 [‐1.62, ‐0.94]
10 Depression 1 ‐ 4 month follow‐up	7	413	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.75 [‐1.33, ‐0.18]
11 Depression 5 ‐ 8 month follow‐up	2	150	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.50 [‐0.82, ‐0.17]
12 Depression 9 ‐ 12 month follow‐up	1		Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Totals not selected
13 Anxiety	17	644	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.81 [‐1.03, ‐0.59]
14 Anxiety 1 ‐ 4 month follow‐up	3	189	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.32 [‐0.60, ‐0.03]
15 Anxiety 9 ‐ 12 month follow‐up	1		Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Totals not selected
16 Exploration of publication bias	28		Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
16.1 Clinician	28	1256	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐1.62 [‐2.03, ‐1.21]
17 Sensitivity analysis ‐ clinician‐rated PTSD symptoms ‐ studies at low risk of bias only	1		Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Totals not selected
18 PTSD diagnosis after treatment	19	910	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.51 [0.41, 0.64]