Foa 2005.

Methods	Randomised controlled trial
Participants	171 female sexual assault survivors in the USA
Interventions	9 ‐ 12 weekly 90‐ to 120‐minute sessions of prolonged exposure (n = 79) vs 9 ‐ 12 weekly 90‐ to 120‐minute sessions of prolonged exposure and cognitive restructuring (n = 74) vs waiting list (n = 26) (all interventions included in meta‐analyses).
Outcomes	PSS‐I, BDI, SAS
Notes	Experienced therapists delivered therapy and treatment adherence was assessed.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Quote: "The study statistician assigned participants who provided informed consent to one of the three conditions using a weighted randomizations procedure such that participants were assigned to one of the active treatment conditions at a greater rate than to WL." Comment: Although reported to be carried out by a statistician, the method of sequence generation is unclear.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Quote: "The study statistician assigned participants who provided informed consent to one of the three conditions using a weighted randomizations procedure such that participants were assigned to one of the active treatment conditions at a greater rate than to WL." Comment: Participants were assigned to a group by an external person.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Comment: ITT analyses were performed. Reasons for drop‐out were not fully reported. There were many drop‐outs (1 from waiting list, 30 from PE/CR and 27 from PE).
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Comment: All specified outcomes were reported
Other bias	Low risk	Comment: There were no other obvious sources of bias.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Comment: Participants were aware of their allocation.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Quote: "All evaluations were conducted by trained doctoral or master’s level CTSA clinicians who were blind to study condition." "Participants were instructed by their therapists and the evaluators to not reveal any information that might unblind the evaluator to treatment condition."