Hogberg 2007.
Methods | Randomised controlled trial | |
Participants | 24 transportation workers with DSM‐IV PTSD (19 men, 5 women) in Sweden. | |
Interventions | EMDR (n = 13) vs waitlist (n = 11) | |
Outcomes | GAF, HAM‐A, HAM‐D, IES, BAI | |
Notes | Experienced therapists delivered therapy and treatment adherence was assessed. | |
Risk of bias | ||
Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Low risk | Quote "The randomisation was done by picking a sealed ballot in the presence of a research nurse who coordinated the study and followed the participants through all phases." |
Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Comment: The method of random sequence generation was not reported. |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | High risk | Quote: "We decided not to use an intention to treat analysis because there were no drop‐outs during EMDR". Comment: 2 individuals dropped out of the waitlist group. |
Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | Comment: All specified outcomes were reported. |
Other bias | High risk | Comment: Small sample size. |
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | High risk | Comment: Participants were aware of their allocation. |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Quote: "by a psychiatrist not otherwise engaged in the study and blind to the experimental condition of the participants." |