Power 2002.
Methods | Randomised controlled trial | |
Participants | 105 outpatients with DSM‐IV PTSD. Various traumas (gender of those starting the study unclear) | |
Interventions | 10 x 90‐minute weekly sessions of EMDR (n = 39) vs exposure plus cognitive restructuring (n = 37) vs waitlist (n = 29) (all interventions included in meta‐analyses). | |
Outcomes | CAPS, HAM‐A, MADRS | |
Notes | Experienced therapists delivered therapy, and treatment adherence was assessed. | |
Risk of bias | ||
Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Low risk | Quote: "Following completion of the entire initial assessment, for those patients who met entry criteria, the blind assessor then opened a sealed envelope that informed as to which group patients were to be allocated." |
Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Low risk | Quote: "Following completion of the entire initial assessment, for those patients who met entry criteria, the blind assessor then opened a sealed envelope that informed as to which group patients were to be allocated." |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | High risk | Quote: "Comparison between the 33 drop‐outs and the 72 completers regarding presentation at time of initial assessment produced no significant differences on any of the demographic characteristics or treatment outcome measures with the sole exception of a higher frequency score on the CAPS‐C Avoidance subscale for the drop‐outs t D 2.2, df D 103, p < 0.05. Subsequent analysis was conducted on the 72 completers." Comment: There were 12 drop‐outs from EMDR, 16 from EMDR plus cognitive restructuring and 5 from the waiting list. Reasons for drop‐out were not fully reported. |
Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | Comment: All specified outcomes were reported. |
Other bias | Low risk | Comment: no other sources of bias detected. |
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | High risk | Comment: Participants were aware of their allocation. |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Quote: "However, assessment at entry, end‐point and follow‐up were conducted by ‘blind’ assessors." |