Zlotnick 1997.
| Methods | Randomised controlled trial | |
| Participants | 48 female sexual abuse survivors. All DSM‐IIIR PTSD in the USA | |
| Interventions | 15 2‐hour sessions of group affective management (n = 24) vs waiting list control (n = 24) | |
| Outcomes | DTS, CR‐PTSD, DES | |
| Notes | Therapist credentials/experience is not reported. It is unclear whether or not treatment adherence was assessed. | |
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Comment: The method of sequence generation was not reported. |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Comment: There is no mention of any measures taken to conceal allocation. |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | High risk | Comment: There were no reported reasons for drop‐out (7 from treatment and 6 from the waitlist).Only the data of completers are included in the analysis. |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | Comment: All specified outcomes were reported. |
| Other bias | High risk | Therapist credentials/experience is not reported. It is unclear whether or not treatment adherence was assessed. |
| Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | High risk | Comment: Participants were aware of their allocation. |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Self report measures only. |
ADAS ‐ Abbreviated Dyadic Adjustment Scale ADIS‐R – Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule ‐Revised ASI – Addiction Severity Index AUDIT ‐ Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test BADS ‐ Behavioural Activation for Depression Scale BAI – Beck Anxiety Inventory BDI – Beck Depression Inventory BPRS ‐ Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale BSQ – Body Sensations Questionnaire CAPS ‐ Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale CES‐D ‐ Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale CIDI ‐ Composite International Diagnostic Interview CIOQ ‐ Changes in Outlook Questionnaire CMS – Civilian Mississippi Scale CPT ‐ Continuous Performance Test CT ‐ Cognitive Therapy CTSA ‐ Centre for Treatment and Study of Anxiety DAR‐7 ‐ Dimensions of Anger Reactions DASS ‐ Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale DES‐II – Dissociative Experiences Scale II DFMQ ‐ Demography of Forced Migration Scale DTS – Davidson Trauma Scale EMDR ‐ eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing EMG ‐Electromyographic FAQ – Fear and Avoidance Scale FFMQ ‐ Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire GAF ‐ Global Assessment of Functioning GHQ‐28 ‐ General Health Questionnaire 28 GIS‐A – Global Improvement Scale – Assessor GIS‐S – Global Improvement Scale ‐ Self HADS ‐ Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale HAM‐A – Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety HAM‐D ‐ Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression HDRS ‐ Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression HSCL‐25 – Hopkins Symptom Checklist‐25 IES – Impact of Event Scale IES‐R Impact of Event Scale ‐ Revised ICG ‐ Inventory of Complicated Grief ITT ‐ intention‐to‐treat LOCF ‐ last observation carried forward MADRS ‐ Montgomery‐Asberg Depression Rating Scale MEG ‐Magnetoencephalography M‐PTSD ‐ Mississippi Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder Scale MPSS ‐ Modified PTSD Symptom Scale N‐FSS – Neck‐Focused Flashback Severity Scale N‐PASS – Neck‐Focused Panic Attack Severity Scale NET ‐ narrative exposure therapy ODI – Oswestry Disability Index O‐FSS – Orthostatic‐Focused Panic Attack Severity Scale O‐PASS ‐ Orthostatic Panic Attack Severity Scale PCL ‐ PTSD Checklist PCT ‐ Psychological Commitment to Team Scale PDS – Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale PE‐SIT ‐ Prolonged Exposure ‐ Stress Innoculation Training PENN ‐ Penn Inventory for PTSD PHQ‐9 ‐ Patient Health Questionnaire ‐ 9 PS‐MPI – Pain Subscale – Multidimensional Pain Inventory PSS‐I ‐ PTSD Symptom Scale ‐ Interview PSS‐SR ‐ PTSD Symptom Scale – Self Report PTCI ‐ Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory QOLI ‐ Quality of Life Inventory SAS – Social Adjustment Scale SAS‐SR ‐ Social Adjustment Scale Self Report SCID‐PTSD ‐ Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV ‐ PTSD SCL‐90 ‐ Symptom Checklist ‐ 90 SDS ‐ Sheehan Disability Scale SF‐8 ‐ 8‐item Short Form Health Survey SF‐36 ‐ 36‐item Short Form Health Survey SI‐PTSD – Structured Interview for PTSD SLESQ ‐ Stressful Life Events Screening Questionnaire SPSI ‐ Social Problem Solving Inventory SRQ‐20 ‐ Self Regualtion Questionnaire ‐ 20 SSAI ‐ Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory ssVEF ‐ steady‐state visual evoked fields STAI ‐ Spielberger State—Trait Anxiety Inventory STAXI ‐ State‐Trait Anger Expression Inventory TAU ‐ treatment as usual TRGI ‐ Trauma Related Guilt Inventory TSCS ‐ Tennessee Self Concept Scale TSI – Trauma Symptom Inventory TSQ ‐ Trauma Screening Questionnaire TSSC – Traumatic Stress Symptom Checklist WAI ‐ Working Alliance Inventory WHOQOL ‐ World Health Organisation Quality of Life WSA – Work and Social Adjustment Scale