Table 6.
Brain regions that exhibited significant activation during delay presentation in healthy controls
| Brain region | Cluster size (voxels) | xa | y | z | Z statistic |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Healthy Controls | |||||
| Cluster #1b | 22,473 | ||||
| Superior occipital/calcerine gyri (R) | 18 | −98 | 6 | 10.30 | |
| Superior/middle occipital gyri (R) | 22 | −98 | 6 | 10.10 | |
| Calcerine/inferior occipital gyri (R) | 18 | −96 | −2 | 9.06 | |
| Lingual gyrus (R) | 24 | −86 | −8 | 8.74 | |
| Cluster #2 | 5061 | ||||
| Supplementary motor area (L/R) | 0 | 10 | 52 | 8.58 | |
| Supplementary motor area/superior frontal gyrus (L/R) | −4 | 16 | 44 | 8.09 | |
| Superior medial gyrus/middle cingulate cortex (L/R) | 4 | 20 | 44 | 7.65 | |
| Cluster #3 | 3546 | ||||
| Thalamus (L) | −10 | −18 | 8 | 6.96 | |
| Insula (L) | −30 | 24 | 2 | 6.82 | |
| Thalamus (R) | 10 | −20 | 10 | 6.30 | |
| Cluster #4 | 1279 | ||||
| Middle frontal gyrus (R) | 42 | 44 | 20 | 5.72 | |
| Superior frontal gyrus (R) | 30 | 54 | 14 | 4.30 | |
| Cluster #5 | 1117 | ||||
| Insula (R) | 32 | 26 | 2 | 7.22 | |
| Putamen/caudate nucleus (R) | 20 | 12 | 0 | 5.14 | |
| Caudate nucleus/pallidum (R) | 14 | 12 | 8 | 4.27 | |
| Cluster #6 | 927 | ||||
| Middle frontal gyrus (L) | −44 | 34 | 30 | 5.76 | |
| Cluster #7 | 370 | ||||
| Inferior/middle frontal gyri (R) | 36 | 4 | 34 | 4.76 | |
| Precentral gyrus (R) | 50 | 6 | 34 | 4.07 | |
| Cluster #8 | 78 | ||||
| Rolandic operculum/inferior frontal gyrus (L) | −44 | −2 | 10 | 4.28 | |
Z-statistic maps were thresholded using cluster-corrected statistics with a height-threshold of Z > 3.1 and cluster-forming threshold of p < 0.05.
a
x, y, z reflect coordinates (mm) for peak voxel or other local maxima in MNI_152 space.
b
Clusters are numbered and presented in order of decreasing size.
c
L and R refers to left and right hemisphere.
*
Controlling for age, education, and cigarettes per day