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. 2019 Dec 12;24(2):1866–1877. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.14882

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© 2019 The Authors. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd and Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Effect of KLF4 knockdown on the stemness properties of Lgr5⁺CD44⁺EpCAM⁺ cells and expression of the TGF‐β1 pathway key genes. A, KLF4 knockdown resulted in decreased expression of stem cell core gene Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog, and cancer stem cells gene CD133, CD44 and TGF‐β1 detected by using qRT‐PCR. B, KLF4 knockdown resulted in decreased expression of TGF‐β1, p‐Smad2, p‐Smad3 proteins, while increased expression Smad4 protein detected by using flow cytometry. C, The number of cancer stem cells decreased after KLF4 knockdown detected by using the limiting dilution assay. D, The capacity of self‐renewal decreased after KLF4 knockdown as detected by sphere‐forming assay. G1, Generation 1; G2, Generation 2; G3, Generation 3; the data represented as mean ± SD of three replicated experiments (*P < .05)