Table 1.
Baseline Demographics and Characteristics
| Variable | IPS (n = 271) |
TW (n = 270) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 224 | 82.7 | 218 | 80.7 |
| Female | 47 | 17.3 | 52 | 19.3 |
| Race | ||||
| White | 138 | 50.9 | 136 | 50.4 |
| African-American | 115 | 42.4 | 110 | 40.7 |
| Other | 32 | 11.8 | 36 | 13.3 |
| Spanish, Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity | 43 | 15.9 | 47 | 17.4 |
| Marital Status | ||||
| Married | 89 | 32.8 | 84 | 31.1 |
| Divorced | 82 | 30.3 | 79 | 29.3 |
| Never married | 68 | 25.1 | 67 | 24.8 |
| Separated/Cohabitating/Widowed | 32 | 11.8 | 40 | 14.8 |
| Education | ||||
| High school diploma or less | 54 | 20.0 | 43 | 15.9 |
| Some college credit | 106 | 39.1 | 118 | 43.7 |
| Associate’s Degree | 55 | 20.3 | 35 | 13.0 |
| Bachelor’s Degree | 40 | 14.8 | 57 | 21.1 |
| Master’s or Doctoral Degree | 16 | 5.9 | 17 | 6.3 |
| Branch of Service | ||||
| Army | 158 | 58.3 | 171 | 63.3 |
| Navy | 50 | 18.5 | 49 | 18.1 |
| Marine Corp | 52 | 19.2 | 32 | 11.9 |
| Air Force | 22 | 8.1 | 25 | 9.3 |
| National Guard, Coast Guard, NOAA | 17 | 6.3 | 23 | 8.5 |
| Period of Service | ||||
| Vietnam | 31 | 11.4 | 26 | 9.6 |
| 1975–1990 | 83 | 30.6 | 78 | 28.9 |
| Persian Gulf War | 50 | 18.5 | 56 | 20.7 |
| March 1991-August 2001 | 82 | 30.3 | 84 | 31.1 |
| Post 9–11-2001 | 162 | 59.8 | 162 | 60 |
| Served in Combat Zone | 191 | 70.5 | 198 | 73.3 |
| M | SD | M | SD | |
| Age (years) | 42.5 | 10.7 | 41.9 | 11.2 |
| Length of past military service (years) | 8.0 | 6.3 | 8.5 | 6.6 |
| Length of current unemployment (years) | 2.7 | 3.5 | 2.9 | 4.1 |
| Duration of longest job in lifetime (years) | 8.3 | 5.8 | 8.7 | 6.4 |