(A) Cartoon depicting the in cis differentiation properties of BMSCs into osteoblasts and adipocytes, along with the in trans effects of BMSCs on hematopoiesis, osteoclastogenesis and vascularity (ad, adipocyte; ob osteoblast, oc osteoclast. Hp, hematopoietic cells, bv blood vessel). (B) Venn diagram of differentially expressed genes (under-expressed, in green; over-expressed, in red) identified by Zhou et al. [10] on human FD craniofacial samples and those from GsαR201C hBMSCs microarray analysis described in this work. 28 genes were commonly regulated and those related to specific trans and cis FD related alterations are indicated. Red over-expressed genes, green under-expressed genes. (C) Venn diagram of commonly expressed genes (over-expressed, in red) by comparing data from this work to PTH treated samples described by [68, 69]. (D) Fold change comparison of differentially expressed genes, analyzed by microarray and qPCR validated. Genes were chosen among the commonly regulated and those related to specific trans and cis FD related alterations.