Table 1. Demographics, IYCF indicators, recent or current illness, infection and hemoglobinopathies among preschool-age children, national, Ghana 2017.
| Characteristic | n a | % b | (95% CI) c |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age Group (in months) | |||
| 6–11 | 125 | 10.0 | (8.2; 12.1) |
| 12–23 | 292 | 24.1 | (21.1; 27.4) |
| 24–35 | 279 | 23.1 | (20.8; 25.6) |
| 36–47 | 270 | 21.8 | (19.4; 24.5) |
| 48–59 | 266 | 20.8 | (18.8; 22.9) |
| Male sex | 615 | 50.3 | (47.1; 53.6) |
| Residing in urban household | 465 | 43.7 | (31.9; 56.3) |
| Early initiation of breastfeeding d | 275 | 78.6 | (72.6; 83.5 |
| Continued breastfeeding at 1 year e | 93 | 93.1 | (81.9; 97.6) |
| Introduction of solid, semi-solid or soft foods f | 53 | 94.7 | (83.8; 98.4) |
| Minimum acceptable diet g | 54 | 14.3 | (10.8; 18.6) |
| Diarrhea in the past 2 weeks | 294 | 22.9 | (20.2; 25.8) |
| Fever in the past 2 weeks | 409 | 32.1 | (27.9; 36.6) |
| Illness with a cough in the past 2 weeks | 319 | 25.8 | (21.9; 30.2) |
| Any inflammation h | 521 | 46.0 | (40.0; 52.2) |
| None | 644 | 54.0 | (47.8; 60.0) |
| Incubation (elevated CRP only) | 39 | 2.8 | (1.9; 4.0) |
| Early convalescence (elevated CRP and AGP) | 199 | 17.7 | (14.1; 22.0) |
| Late convalescence (elevated AGP only) | 283 | 25.5 | (22.1; 29.3) |
| Malaria parasitemia | 233 | 20.3 | (15.2; 26.6) |
| Sickle cell disease or trait | 143 | 13.9 | (11.1; 17.3) |
| HbSS (disease) | 10 | 1.3 | (0.7; 2.3) |
| HbAS (trait) | 133 | 12.6 | (10.0; 15.8) |
| α-thalassemia (combined) | 350 | 30.7 | (27.5; 34.2) |
| Homozygous | 35 | 3.3 | (2.3; 4.7) |
| Heterozygous | 315 | 27.4 | (24.4; 30.7) |
a Total n was 1232 for questionnaire-related variables, 1184 for anthropometric measures, and between 1113 to 1165 for blood biomarkers. The n’s are un-weighted nominators in each subgroup; the sum of subgroups may not equal the total because of missing data.
b Percentages weighted for unequal probability of selection.
c CI = confidence interval, calculated taking into account the complex sampling design.
d Results presented for children 6–24 months of age; assessed as ‘put to breast within 1 h of birth’.
e Results presented for children 12–15 months of age; assessed as ‘breastfed the day before interview’.
f Results presented for children 6–8 months of age; assessed as ‘received solid, semi-solid or soft foods the day before the interview’.
g Results presented for children 6–23 months of age; assessed the day before interview using a combination of minimum dietary diversity and minimum meal frequency.
h CRP = C-reactive protein, AGP = α1-acid-glycoprotein.