Table 1.

Preliminary evaluation of pharmaceutical excipient based paclitaxel nanoparticles for developing breast cancer therapeutics.

Pharmaceutical excipient based paclitaxel nanoformulation
Pharmaceutical excipienta	Particle size (nm)	Zeta Potential (mV)	Fluorescence quenching			Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI×105)c		% hemolysis at 50 µgd
			Dye quenching (AUC×106)b	Number of Binding site(s)	Binding rate constant (k)	MDA-MB- 231	MCF7
Aquaplex®	355.93±15.97	−4.32±0.81	1.65	0.80	0.003	1.37±0.092	0.86±0.014	2.06±0.01
L-Ascorbic acid (L-AC)	321.63±23.22	−2.25±0.65	0.94	1.38	0.035	1.87±0.031	0.98±0.010	3.78±0.34
Citric acid (CA)	323.60+27.90	−3.60±0.65	1.17	0.57	0.008	0.23±0.002	0.40±0.002	50.17±0.35
Trappsol®, (CarboxyMethyl- β-CD)	252.50±14.51	−6.98±0.78	1.26	0.73	0.012	2.18±0.045	2.18±0.067	7.21±0.59
β-cyclodextrin (β-CD)	254.31±7.58	−5.07±0.66	1.34	1.05	0.012	0.49±0.008	0.32±0.004	12.71±0.68
Hydroxypropyl β- cyclodextrin (HP- β-CD)	213.56±8.55	−5.59±0.46	1.47	0.94	0.010	0.47±0.004	0.18±0.001	19.24±3.82
D-Mannitol (DM)	308.33±19.77	−8.87±0.46	1.50	0.41	0.001	0.27±0.001	0.23±0.013	1.03±0.03
D-Sorbitol (DS)	149.76±4.61	−7.05±0.30	2.58	0.63	0.001	0.14±0.026	0.14±0.017	6.18±0.59
Tannic acid (TA)	102.22±14.05	−8.85±0.44	0.94	1.40	0.038	4.24±0.045	4.91±0.030	5.15±0.02
D-α-tocopherol (D-α-TP)	161.06±21.25	−6.28±0.05	1.70	0.46	0.003	0.18±0.001	0.21±0.004	9.96±0.34
Tween 80 (T80)	80.68±7.13	−6.63±0.39	2.20	0.43	0.001	2.30±0.266	2.49±0.149	9.96±0.02

^a5 mg/mL of each pharmaceutical excipient was used to generate PE-PTX nanoparticles.

^bOregon green 488 conjugated to PTX (5 µg/ml) was quenched with 130 µg/ml of PE solutions.

^cCoumarin 6 loaded Pharmaceutical excipient nanoparticles (5 μg/ml equivalent coumarin 6 nanoparticles) were treated on breast cancer cells

^dASTM E2524–08 standard considers hemolysis of ≤ 5% safe compounds are safe for human consumption.