FIG 1.
Experimental setup. Mice harbored a gastrointestinal community consisting of the altered Schaedler flora (ASF) or a conventional microbiota (CONV). One week before the inoculation of 108 CFU of Escherichia coli strain HS-4 on day 0, fecal samples were collected to confirm the E. coli- and Salmonella-negative status of the mice. On day 7, the mice were inoculated with 108 CFU (unless otherwise indicated) of Salmonella strain CVM29188. On day 21, dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) was added to the drinking water at a final concentration of 2% and remained there until day 28 for all mice except IL-10−/− 129S6/SvEv ASF mice, which did not receive DSS. Fecal samples were collected only to quantify the bacterial strains by agar plating (gray squares) or for quantifying both bacterial strains by agar plating and microbial members of the gastrointestinal tract by qPCR (blue squares).