Table 4. Relationship between Sociodemographic Factors and Participation in Diabetes Self-Management Education According to Residential Region.
| Rural residents | Urban residents | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Female | 0.87 (0.80–0.94) | 1.07 (0.97–1.18) | 0.97 (0.84–1.12) | 0.88 (0.81–0.96) | 1.09 (0.99–1.20) | 0.89 (0.77–1.02) |
| Age | ||||||
| 30–39 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 40–49 | 0.87 (0.59–1.26) | 0.96 (0.66–1.41) | 0.95 (0.65–1.40) | 0.70 (0.54–0.92) | 0.73 (0.55–0.96) | 0.74 (0.56–0.98) |
| 50–59 | 0.70 (0.49–0.99) | 0.89 (0.62–1.28) | 0.91 (0.63–1.31) | 0.53 (0.41–0.69) | 0.63 (0.48–0.82) | 0.63 (0.48–0.82) |
| 60–69 | 0.63 (0.45–0.90) | 0.90 (0.62–1.30) | 0.93 (0.64–1.35) | 0.48 (0.38–0.62) | 0.65 (0.50–0.85) | 0.64 (0.49–0.84) |
| ≥70 | 0.52 (0.37–0.73) | 0.83 (0.57–1.20) | 0.87 (0.60–1.28) | 0.40 (0.31–0.52) | 0.61 (0.46–0.80) | 0.58 (0.43–0.77) |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Divorced or separated | 0.99 (0.81–1.20) | 0.95 (0.77–1.16) | 0.95 (0.77–1.16) | 0.94 (0.80–1.10) | 1.04 (0.88–1.23) | 1.06 (0.89–1.25) |
| Widowed | 0.72 (0.65–0.80) | 0.87 (0.77–0.98) | 0.90 (0.79–1.01) | 0.73 (0.65–0.81) | 0.95 (0.84–1.08) | 0.98 (0.86–1.12) |
| Single | 1.21 (0.91–1.60) | 1.05 (0.78–1.41) | 1.06 (0.79–1.44) | 1.06 (0.83–1.36) | 0.93 (0.72–1.22) | 0.93 (0.71–1.21) |
| Educational level | ||||||
| College or higher | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| High school | 0.75 (0.64–0.88) | 0.80 (0.68–0.95) | 0.81 (0.69–0.96) | 0.72 (0.64–0.81) | 0.79 (0.70–0.90) | 0.79 (0.69–0.90) |
| Middle school | 0.65 (0.55–0.77) | 0.73 (0.61–0.88) | 0.74 (0.61–0.89) | 0.58 (0.51–0.67) | 0.67 (0.57–0.78) | 0.67 (0.57–0.78) |
| Primary school | 0.56 (0.48–0.66) | 0.66 (0.55–0.79) | 0.66 (0.55–0.79) | 0.49 (0.43–0.56) | 0.57 (0.49–0.67) | 0.56 (0.48–0.66) |
| Non-formal education | 0.44 (0.38–0.52) | 0.54 (0.44–0.66) | 0.55 (0.45–0.68) | 0.41 (0.36–0.48) | 0.49 (0.41–0.60) | 0.50 (0.41–0.60) |
| Monthly household income, thousand KRW | ||||||
| ≥5000 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 3000–4999 | 0.96 (0.79–1.16) | 1.00 (0.82–1.21) | 0.99 (0.81–1.21) | 0.89 (0.78–1.02) | 0.96 (0.83–1.10) | 0.94 (0.81–1.08) |
| 1000–2999 | 0.84 (0.70–0.99) | 0.95 (0.79–1.14) | 0.94 (0.78–1.12) | 0.72 (0.64–0.82) | 0.85 (0.74–0.98) | 0.83 (0.73–0.96) |
| <1000 | 0.65 (0.55–0.77) | 0.84 (0.70–1.02) | 0.83 (0.68–1.00) | 0.54 (0.48–0.62) | 0.72 (0.62–0.84) | 0.69 (0.59–0.81) |
| Occupation | ||||||
| Professional/managerial worker | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Clerk | 1.14 (0.80–1.62) | 1.11 (0.78–1.58) | 1.14 (0.80–1.62) | 0.94 (0.75–1.19) | 0.92 (0.73–1.17) | 0.91 (0.72–1.16) |
| Service and sales worker | 0.70 (0.54–0.92) | 0.85 (0.65–1.13) | 0.85 (0.65–1.13) | 0.65 (0.53–0.79) | 0.83 (0.67–1.02) | 0.83 (0.67–1.02) |
| Agricultural, forestry, and fishery worker | 0.59 (0.47–0.74) | 0.85 (0.66–1.10) | 0.84 (0.65–1.09) | 0.68 (0.49–0.95) | 1.07 (0.76–1.52) | 1.07 (0.75–1.52) |
| Mechanical/manual worker | 0.57 (0.44–0.73) | 0.76 (0.58–0.99) | 0.77 (0.59–1.01) | 0.59 (0.49–0.70) | 0.84 (0.69–1.02) | 0.85 (0.70–1.03) |
| Homemaker or student | 0.63 (0.50–0.80) | 1.02 (0.79–1.31) | 0.99 (0.76–1.27) | 0.61 (0.52–0.71) | 1.02 (0.85–1.23) | 0.97 (0.81–1.17) |
Data are presented as odds ratio (95% confidence interval). Model 1 is unadjusted; model 2 is adjusted for sociodemographic factors; and model 3 is adjusted for sociodemographic factors, smoking status, drinking frequency, diagnosis of hypertension, self-perception of blood glucose level, and insulin treatment.