Table 5. Relationship between Sociodemographic Factors and Participationin Diabetes Self-Management Education According to Institution Type.
| Hospitals/medical clinics | Public health institutions | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Female | 0.80 (0.75–0.85) | 1.02 (0.95–1.10) | 0.90 (0.81–1.00) | 1.29 (1.15–1.44) | 1.29 (1.12–1.48) | 1.07 (0.87–1.30) |
| Age | ||||||
| 30–39 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 40–49 | 0.72 (0.58–0.89) | 0.78 (0.62–0.97) | 0.79 (0.63–0.99) | 1.92 (0.82–4.54) | 1.99 (0.84–4.71) | 2.05 (0.86–4.86) |
| 50–59 | 0.51 (0.42–0.63) | 0.67 (0.54–0.83) | 0.68 (0.55–0.84) | 2.56 (1.13–5.81) | 2.39 (1.04–5.48) | 2.46 (1.07–5.65) |
| 60–69 | 0.42 (0.34–0.51) | 0.65 (0.52–0.81) | 0.66 (0.53–0.82) | 3.88 (1.72–8.75) | 3.22 (1.40–7.39) | 3.27 (1.42–7.54) |
| ≥70 | 0.31 (0.25–0.38) | 0.56 (0.44–0.69) | 0.56 (0.44–0.70) | 5.01 (2.23–11.26) | 4.15 (1.80–9.56) | 4.26 (1.84–9.85) |
| Place of residence | ||||||
| Urban (dong) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Rural (eup/myeon) | 0.59 (0.56–0.63) | 0.73 (0.69–0.79) | 0.74 (0.69–0.79) | 1.90 (1.68–2.14) | 1.72 (1.51–1.97) | 1.73 (1.51–1.98) |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Divorced or separated | 1.07 (0.94–1.22) | 1.05 (0.92–1.20) | 1.05 (0.91–1.20) | 0.61 (0.45–0.83) | 0.73 (0.53–0.99) | 0.76 (0.55–1.04) |
| Widowed | 0.65 (0.60–0.70) | 0.94 (0.85–1.03) | 0.97 (0.88–1.07) | 1.11 (0.97–1.27) | 0.82 (0.70–0.96) | 0.82 (0.70–0.96) |
| Single | 1.30 (1.07–1.57) | 1.02 (0.83–1.25) | 1.02 (0.83–1.25) | 0.45 (0.26–0.78) | 0.70 (0.40–1.25) | 0.71 (0.40–1.26) |
| Educational level | ||||||
| College or higher | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| High school | 0.69 (0.63–0.76) | 0.81 (0.73–0.89) | 0.80 (0.72–0.89) | 1.02 (0.80–1.29) | 0.81 (0.63–1.04) | 0.83 (0.65–1.06) |
| Middle school | 0.52 (0.47–0.58) | 0.68 (0.60–0.77) | 0.68 (0.60–0.77) | 1.37 (1.08–1.74) | 0.88 (0.68–1.15) | 0.90 (0.69–1.17) |
| Primary school | 0.40 (0.36–0.44) | 0.57 (0.50–0.64) | 0.56 (0.49–0.63) | 1.83 (1.48–2.27) | 0.96 (0.75–1.24) | 0.98 (0.76–1.27) |
| Non-formal education | 0.31 (0.28–0.35) | 0.49 (0.42–0.56) | 0.50 (0.43–0.57) | 1.65 (1.31–2.06) | 0.73 (0.55–0.96) | 0.75 (0.56–0.99) |
| Monthly household income, thousand KRW | ||||||
| ≥5000 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 3000–4999 | 0.85 (0.76–0.96) | 0.95 (0.84–1.06) | 0.93 (0.82–1.04) | 1.25 (0.95–1.66) | 1.16 (0.88–1.55) | 1.17 (0.88–1.56) |
| 1000–2999 | 0.65 (0.58–0.72) | 0.85 (0.76–0.95) | 0.83 (0.74–0.93) | 1.55 (1.21–1.99) | 1.16 (0.89–1.51) | 1.17 (0.90–1.53) |
| <1000 | 0.43 (0.39–0.48) | 0.71 (0.63–0.80) | 0.68 (0.60–0.77) | 2.00 (1.57–2.57) | 1.25 (0.96–1.64) | 1.28 (0.98–1.68) |
| Occupation | ||||||
| Professional/managerial worker | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Clerk | 0.95 (0.78–1.15) | 0.91 (0.74–1.11) | 0.91 (0.74–1.11) | 1.39 (0.79–2.42) | 1.55 (0.88–2.71) | 1.52 (0.86–2.66) |
| Service and sales worker | 0.60 (0.51–0.70) | 0.83 (0.70–0.98) | 0.83 (0.70–0.98) | 1.41 (0.90–2.21) | 1.11 (0.70–1.77) | 1.09 (0.68–1.75) |
| Agricultural, forestry, and fishery worker | 0.37 (0.32–0.42) | 0.83 (0.70–0.98) | 0.82 (0.69–0.97) | 3.02 (2.02–4.51) | 1.54 (0.99–2.38) | 1.52 (0.98–2.34) |
| Mechanical/manual worker | 0.49 (0.43–0.57) | 0.76 (0.65–0.88) | 0.77 (0.65–0.90) | 1.75 (1.16–2.64) | 1.41 (0.91–2.18) | 1.40 (0.90–2.16) |
| Homemaker or student | 0.50 (0.44–0.57) | 1.01 (0.87–1.18) | 0.96 (0.83–1.12) | 2.38 (1.61–3.51) | 1.45 (0.95–2.21) | 1.47 (0.96–2.24) |
Data are presented as odds ratio (95% confidence interval). Model 1 is unadjusted; model 2 is adjusted for sociodemographic factors; and model 3 is adjusted for sociodemographic factors, smoking status, drinking frequency, diagnosis of hypertension, self-perception of blood glucose level, and insulin treatment.