Table 1.
Baseline Demographics and Clinical Characteristics of Participants.
| HIV− (N= 382) | HIV+ (N= 462) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age in years, (IQR) | 55 [50, 62] | 53 (48, 58) |
| African American race, n (%) | 91 (23.8) | 137 (29.7) |
| Smoking, n (%) | 79 (21.0) | 120 (26.1) |
| Heavy alcohol usea, n (%) | 36 (10.3) | 20 (4.7) |
| Illicit drug use, n (%) | 187 (52.7) | 270 (60.8) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 (IQR) | 26.6 (24.1, 30.0) | 25.7 (23.3, 28.4) |
| Waist circumference, cm (IQR) | 96.7 [89.2, 106.5] | 94.35 (87.5, 101.7) |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL (IQR) | 190 (166, 214) | 188 (163, 214) |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL (IQR) | 51 (42, 6) | 46 (38.3, 54.3) |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL (IQR) | 102 (75, 151) | 141 (97.5, 204.5) |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL (IQR) | 112 (91, 135) | 107 (83, 131) |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL (IQR) | 96 (89, 105) | 98 (91, 107) |
| Hemoglobin A1C, % (IQR) | 5.6 (5.4, 5.8) | 5.5 (5.3, 5.8) |
| HOMA-IR (IQR) | 2.8 (2.0, 4.2) | 3.24 (2.4, 4.9) |
| C-reactive protein, ug/mL | 0.96 (0.53, 1.9) | 1.22 (0.67, 2.7) |
| Fibrinogen, ml/dL | 332.5 (293, 375) | 324 (273, 373) |
| IL-6, pg/mL | 1.31 (0.9, 2.1) | 1.44 (0.9, 2.3) |
| Adiponectin, ng/mL | 7056 (4936, 10275) | 5912 (3672, 9659) |
| Leptin, pg/mL | 6318 (3180, 11791) | 5496 (2504, 10790) |
| Soluble TNF R1, pg/mL | 1160 (958, 1376) | 1184 (991, 1486) |
| Soluble TNF R2, pg/mL | 5868 (4973, 6879) | 6347 (5312, 7942) |
| Soluble CD163, ng/mL | 549 (432, 697) | 656 (490, 827) |
| Soluble CD14, ng/mL | 1280 (1115, 1458) | 1625 (1400, 1853) |
| Current CD4+ T cell count, cells/μL (IQR) | - | 614 (443, 787) |
| CD4+ T cell nadir, cells/μL (IQR) | - | 281.5 (172, 391) |
| HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL (IQR) | - | 0 (0) |
| History of AIDS diagnosis, n (%) | - | 72 (15.6) |
| Years since ART initiation, (IQR) | - | 14.84 (10.6, 21.1) |
| History of AZT use, n (%) | - | 322 (72.7) |
| History of d4T use, n (%) | - | 252 (56.9) |
| History of AZT or d4T use, n (%) | - | 390 (88) |
| History of concomitant use of AZT and d4T, n (%) | - | 184 (41.5) |
| Cumulative use of AZT, years (IQR) | - | 3.2 (0–7.2) |
| Cumulative use of d4T, years (IQR) | - | 0.7 (0–3.9) |
| On ART since last visit, n (%) | ||
| PI | - | 208 (47) |
| NRTI | - | 417 (94.1) |
| NNRTI | - | 240 (54.2) |
| INSTI | - | 84 (19) |
IQR=interquartile range, HDL=high density lipoprotein, LDL=low density lipoprotein, HOMA-IR= homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance, AT=adipose tissue, HCV=hepatitis C virus, HBV=hepatitis B virus, AIDS=Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, ART=antiretroviral therapy, PI=protease inhibitor, NRTI=nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, NNRTI=non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, INSTI=integrase strand transfer inhibitor.
defined as >13 alcoholic drinks per week
defined as Center for Epidemiology Studies Depression Scale Score >16
defined as HCV RNA positivity
Defined as positive HBV surface antigen or diagnosis of chronic HBV infection
Measured from abdominal CT scan