Table 2.
Pre-operative, intraoperative, and post-post-discharge venous thromboembolism following colorectal cancer resection
| No post-discharge VTE N (%) | Post-discharge VTE | p value* | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total patients | 50,752 (99.24%) | 387 (0.76%) | |
| Pre-operative factors | |||
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 65.69 (13.61) | 65.56 (12.89) | 0.73** |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 26,087 (99.22%) | 204 (0.78%) | 0.61 |
| Female | 24,665 (99.26%) | 183 (0.74%) | |
| Race | |||
| White | 36,152 (99.17%) | 301 (0.83%) | <0.01 |
| Black | 4900 (99.11%) | 44 (0.89%) | |
| Asian | 2176 (99.59%) | 9 (0.41%) | |
| Other/not reported | 7524 (99.56%) | 33 (0.44%) | |
| Body mass index (BMI) | |||
| < 18.5 | 1274 (99.77%) | 3 (0.23%) | < 0.01 |
| 18.5–24.9 | 14,956 (99.49%) | 76 (0.51%) | |
| 25–29.9 | 17,064 (99.28%) | 124 (0.72%) | |
| 30–34.9 | 9957 (99.07%) | 93 (0.93%) | |
| ≥ 35.0 | 6900 (98.73%) | 89 (1.27%) | |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Bleeding disorder | 1839 (99.08%) | 17 (0.92%) | 0.42 |
| No bleeding disorder | 48,913 (99.25%) | 370 (0.75%) | |
| Dyspnea (moderate exertion/rest) | 4093 (99.28%) | 34 (0.82%) | 0.60 |
| No dyspnea | 46,659 (99.25%) | 353 (0.75%) | |
| COPD | 2638 (99.32%) | 18 (0.68%) | 0.63 |
| No COPD | 48,114 (99.24%) | 369 (0.76%) | |
| CHF | 610 (99.51%) | 3 (0.49%) | 0.44 |
| No CHF | 50,142 (99.24%) | 384 (0.76%) | |
| Diabetes | 9263 (99.36%) | 60 (0.64%) | 0.16 |
| No diabetes | 41,489 (99.22%) | 327 (0.78%) | |
| Steroid use | 1568 (99.05%) | 15 (0.95%) | 0.37 |
| No steroid use | 49,184 (99.25%) | 372 (0.75%) | |
| Weight loss > 10% | 2969 (99.23%) | 23 (0.77%) | 0.94 |
| Weight loss < 10% or no weight loss | 47,783 (99.24%) | 364 (0.76%) | |
| Disseminated cancer | 5946 (98.98%) | 61 (1.02%) | 0.01 |
| Non-disseminated cancer | 44,806 (99.28%) | 326 (0.72%) | |
| Functional status | |||
| Independent | 49,259 (99.25%) | 374 (0.75%) | 0.35 |
| Dependent | 1311 (99.02%) | 13 (0.98%) | |
| ASA Class | |||
| I/II | 19,499 (99.33%) | 132 (0.67%) | 0.09 |
| III/IV/V | 31,162 (99.19%) | 253 (0.81%) | |
| Pre-operative albumin < 3 g/dL | 17,940 (99.19%) | 146 (0.81%) | 0.33 |
| Pre-operative albumin ≥ 3 g/dL | 32,812 (99.27%) | 241 (0.73%) | |
| Pre-operative platelet count | |||
| < 150,000 | 3142 (99.27%) | 23 (0.73%) | 0.03 |
| 150,000–400,000 | 41,307 (99.27%) | 305 (0.73%) | |
| > 400,000 | 4420 (98.90%) | 49 (1.10%) | |
| Primary tumor location | |||
| Colon | 35,025 (99.22%) | 274 (0.78%) | 0.31 |
| Rectum | 12,325 (99.32%) | 85 (0.68%) | |
| Neoadjuvant therapy | 6298 (99.26%) | 47 (0.74%) | 0.88 |
| No neoadjuvant therapy | 44,454 (99.24%) | 340 (0.76%) | |
| Intra-operative factors | |||
| Emergency case classification | 2796 (98.69%) | 37 (1.31%) | < 0.01 |
| Non-emergent case classification | 47,956 (99.28%) | 350 (0.72%) | |
| Operative time, min, mean (SD) | 186.39 (101.76) | 205.16 (121.46) | < 0.01** |
| Operative approach | |||
| Open | 16,538 (99.02%) | 164 (0.98%) | < 0.01 |
| Laparoscopic | 26,793 (99.41%) | 160 (0.59%) | |
| Laparoscopic converted to open | 3522 (98.96%) | 37 (1.04%) | |
| Robotic | 3682 (99.43%) | 21 (0.57%) | |
| Robotic converted to open | 227 (97.84%) | 5 (2.16%) | |
| Operation | |||
| Open partial colectomy | 14,294 (98.89%) | 160 (1.11%) | < 0.01 |
| Laparoscopic partial colectomy | 19,505 (99.38%) | 121 (0.62%) | |
| Open total colectomy | 710 (98.61%) | 10 (1.39%) | |
| Laparoscopic total colectomy | 446 (98.67%) | 6 (1.33%) | |
| Open proctectomy | 5441 (99.38%) | 34 (0.62%) | |
| Laparoscopic proctectomy | 9057 (99.53%) | 43 (0.47%) | |
| Open total proctocolectomy | 113 (96.58%) | 4 (3.42%) | |
| Laparoscopic total proctocolectomy | 121 (98.37%) | 2 (1.63%) | |
| APR/exoneration | 1065 (99.35%) | 7 (0.65%) | |
| Post-operative factors | |||
| Inpatient post-operative complications | |||
| Anastomotic leak | 1245 (98.11%) | 24 (1.89%) | < 0.01 |
| No anastomotic leak | 49,507 (99.27%) | 363 (0.73%) | |
| Ileus | 7117 (98.72%) | 92 (1.28%) | < 0.01 |
| No Ileus | 43,635 (99.33%) | 295 (0.67%) | |
| SSI | 1994 (99.40%) | 12 (0.60) | 0.40 |
| No SSI | 48,758 (99.24%) | 375 (0.76%) | |
| Pneumonia | 708 (99.58%) | 3 (0.42%) | 0.30 |
| No pneumonia | 50,044 (99.24%) | 384 (0.76%) | |
| Reintubation | 417 (99.52%) | 2 (0.48%) | 0.51 |
| No reintubation | 50,335 (99.24%) | 385 (0.76%) | |
| UTI | 589 (99.33%) | 4 (0.67%) | 0.82 |
| No UTI | 50,163 (99.24%) | 383 (0.76%) | |
| Transfusion | 5254 (99.06%) | 50 (0.94%) | 0.10 |
| No transfusion | 45,498 (99.26%) | 337 (0.74%) | |
| Reoperation | 1143 (99.13%) | 10 (0.87%) | 0.66 |
| No reoperation | 49,609 (99.25%) | 377 (0.75%) | |
| Length of stay, days, mean, (SD) | 6.93 (5.69) | 6.79 (4.02) | 0.62** |
*
Chi-Square test
**
t test VTE, venous thromboembolism; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; SSI, skin/soft tissue infection; UTI, urinary tract infection