Table 2.
Ranges of mass fractions of elements found in the different honey groups defined by botanical variety and country
| Cl | K | Ca | Fe | Zn | Mn | Rb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Robinia-Hungary (n = 11) | 51.2–357.2 | 132.4–313.9 | 19.7–126.9 | 1.5–5.5 | 0.3–2.4 | ||
| Robinia-Italy (n = 5) | 36.1–96.0 | 137.0–380.6 | 4.7–17.2 | 1.4–2.0 | 0.6–1.3 | ||
| Robinia-Romania (n = 3) | 65.4–67.6 | 143.9–160.3 | 20.9–37.6 | 2.1–2.3 | 0.6–1.1 | ||
| Orange-Italy (n = 6) | 50.0–286.3 | 137.3–368.2 | 25.9–59.9 | 1.7–3.4 | 0.4–1.4 | 1.8a | |
| Orange-Spain (n = 9) | 49.5–68.7 | 180.0–271.6 | 39.2–65.5 | 1.9–3.5 | 0.4–1.6 | ||
| Lavender-France (n = 5) | 62.6–113.9 | 167.5–287.9 | 29.9–46.6 | 1.7–3.3 | 0.6–0.9 | 1.0 a | |
| Lavender-Portugal (n = 6) | 93.6–117.0 | 202.6–316.4 | 19.5–47.8 | 1.7–2.2 | 0.5–2.5 | 1.6–2.3 (n = 5)b | 1.8a |
| Lavender-Spain (n = 5) | 88.9–362.5 | 295.7–1243.1 | 20.6–81.3 | 2.3–6.3 | 0.8–3.4 |
1.1–6.2 (n = 3)b |
|
| Rosemary-Spain (n = 7) | 34.3–119.2 | 86.4–183.8 | 17.0–83.7 | 1.4–2.9 | 0.2–1.0 | ||
| Thyme-Spain (n = 3) | 128.8–284.0 | 435.6–599.0 | 62.3–111.5 | 3.1–3.7 | 1.1–1.7 | 1.9a | |
| Thyme-New Zealand (n = 3) | 48.1–100.8 | 450.0–553.8 | 21.0–62.9 | 1.9–3.4 | 0.1–0.7 |
1.1–2.5 (n = 2)b |
|
| Manuka-New Zealand (n = 7) | 180.1–481.6 | 446.5–1640.4 | 31.5–59.0 | 1.5–3.5 | 1.0–2.0 |
1.6–12.8 (n = 6)b |
4.0–6.0 (n = 5) b |
| Chestnut-Italy (n = 5) | 172.4–575.7 | 1883.8–3324.1 | 101.0–182.8 | 2.2–3.6 | 0.8–2.2 | 1.9–16.7 | 8.6–22.0 |
| Chestnut-Spain (n = 3) | 147.1–273.5 | 1730.5–3451.3 | 92.3–187.7 | 2.9–5.8 | 0.8–2.4 | 4.3–28.4 | 7.2–16.14 |
| Eucalyptus-Spain (n = 3) | 326.7–443.6 | 408.1–740.5 | 92.9–122.9 | 3.0–5.8 | 1.13–4.3 |
3.8–5.8 (n = 2)b |
1.8–6.6 (n = 2)b |
| Lime-Romania (n = 5) | 86.5–217.7 | 193.0–1034.9 | 41.1–110.7 | 1.7–10.3 | 0.3–1.3 | ||
| Sunflower-Romania (n = 3) | 208.6–360.6 | 293.0–360.6 | 118.5–127.2 | 2.2–3.7 | 1.3–2.6 | 2.1a | 1.6a |
aMass fraction found only in one honey in the full group. The mass fractions for that element in the rest of the honeys was < LoD (around 0.1 mg kg−1)
bValue between brackets: number of honeys in that population in which a certain element was quantified, if different from the total amount of samples in the population