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. 2020 Jan 24;13:88. doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2019.00088

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Copyright 2020 Kapolowicz and Thompson.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic of classical and non-classical auditory pathways. The medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus (MG) can follow the classical auditory pathway to the primary auditory cortex (A1), or it can branch off to directly activate limbic pathways. These pathways may be stimulated simultaneously with parallel processing occurring between the amygdala-hippocampal circuits. Additional abbreviations: cochlear nucleus (CN), superior olive (SO), inferior colliculus (IC), anterior (Ant), medial dorsal (MD) thalamic nuclei, association cortices (Assoc Ctx), prefrontal cortex (PFC), cingulate (Cg), secondary auditory cortex (A2), entorhinal cortex (EC), septum (Sep), lateral (LA), basolateral (BLA), and central (CA) amygdaloid nuclei, and hippocampal subregions consisting of dentate gyrus (DG), cornu ammonis 3 (CA3), cornu ammonis 1 (CA1), subiculum (Sub). Circuitry compiled from established auditory-limbic connections as reported in Møller et al. (1992); Møller and Rollins (2002) and Kandratavicius et al. (2012) using draw.io online software (www.draw.io).