Table 3.

Radiomics features overview.

Type	Description	Examples
Shape features	Describe geometric characteristics of the cardiac structures	Volume, surface area, sphericity, diameters, axis, surface to volume ratio, flatness
Intensity (First order)	Statistics on the intensity distributions within the region of interest (ROI)	Mean intensity, range, skewness (asymmetry) and entropy
Texture GLCM (Second order)	Quantifies the spatial relationship of the pixels in the ROI	Contrast, correlation
Texture GLSZM (Higher order)	Quantifies the number of connected voxels that share the same intensity level	Gray level non-uniformity, zone entropy
Texture GLRLM (Higher order)	Quantifies the gray level runs in the ROI	Run entropy, long run emphasis and short run emphasis
Texture NGTDM (Higher order)	Quantifies the difference between a gray value and the average gray value of its neighbors within a predefined distance	Busyness, strength
Texture GLDM (Higher order)	Quantifies the gray level dependencies in the ROI	Dependence non- uniformity, dependence entropy and dependence variance
Fractal dimension	Determines the ratio of change in detail to the change in scale