Table 5.

Common normalization techniques.

Technique	Description	Advantages
Mean/variance normalization	Centering to zero mean and unit variance	Avoid high variance features dominance
Range scaling	Mapping to a given interval	Robustness to small variances, preserve zero entries
Robust scaling	Mapping interval with	Robustness to outliers interquartile information
Image normalization	Brightness/contrast correction	Avoid variability in pixel intensity distribution