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. 2020 Jan 30;10:1496. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-58447-z

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Experiment 1. Condition × congruence effects between subjects, where comparison tone intensities were either higher or lower than the 70 dB standard. In both the up and down directions, discrimination thresholds were higher when generating incongruent frequencies, which suggests that perception is biased towards predicted action effects (p < 0.010). Error bars reflect standard error of the mean.