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. 2020 Jan 30;11(1):78. doi: 10.1038/s41419-020-2281-y

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Comparison of trophoblast death between control and PE mice. TUNEL analysis in placenta was shown. Bar = 50 μm. b, c Comparison of placental caspase-1 expression between control and PE mice. WB (b) and IHC (c) analysis of caspase-1 in placenta were shown. The histogram represents means ± SEM of the densitometric scans for protein bands (n = 7 mice in each group), normalized by comparison with β-actin and expressed as a percentage of Control. Bar = 50 μm. d Comparison of placental caspase-1 activity between control and PE mice. Comparison of IL-1β and IL-18 levels in serum (e) and placenta (f) between control and PE mice. IL-1β and IL-18 were detected by ELISA. Results are expressed as means ± SEM (n = 7 mice in each group). **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 versus control group, two-tailed Student’s t test. g Effect of LPS/ATP on trophoblast apoptosis. Human first-trimester trophoblast cell line HTR-8/SVneo was treated with LPS and ATP. Cell apoptosis was detected by using flow cytometry. h Effect of LPS/ATP on trophoblast caspase-1 expression. Caspase-1 was detected by WB. i Effect of LPS/ATP on trophoblast caspase-1 activity. j Effect of LPS/ATP on trophoblast IL-1β and IL-18 levels. IL-1β and IL-18 were detected by ELISA. k Effect of LPS/ATP on trophoblast AT1R exposure. AT1R was detected by WB. Results are expressed as means ± SEM from three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 versus control group, two-tailed Student’s t test.